- The “King of Vegetables” is Potato
- The “Queen of Vegetables” is Okra (Lady’s Finger).
- Tomato is botanically a fruit, but horticulturally a vegetable.
- The “King of Spices” is Black Pepper, and the “Queen of Spices” is Cardamom.
- Capsicum is rich in Vitamin C.
- The “Poor man’s Orange” is Tomato.
- The “Golden Apple” refers to Tomato.
- Sweet potato is a modified root (tuberous root).
- Potato is a modified stem (tuber).
- The toxic compound in potato is Solanine.
- Onion and Garlic belong to the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae).
- The pungency in onion and garlic is due to allyl propyl disulfide and allicin.
- Cabbage and Cauliflower belong to family Brassicaceae.
- The edible part of cauliflower is the curd (inflorescence).
- The edible part of cabbage is the head (terminal bud).
- Radish is a fleshy tap root
- Carrot gets its orange color due to β-carotene.
- Spinach is a rich source of iron and folic acid.
- Chlorosis in leafy vegetables indicates nitrogen deficiency.
- Knol-khol is also known as German Turnip.
- Lettuce is mainly grown for its leaves, consumed fresh in salads.
- Amaranthus is a leafy vegetable high in protein.
- The best temperature for tomato fruit set is 20–25°C.
- Okra suffers from Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV).
- Tomato is affected by Late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
- Brinjal is attacked by Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis).
- Cucumber and bottle gourd belong to family Cucurbitaceae.
- Watermelon and muskmelon are warm season vine crops.
- Cucumber bitterness is due to Cucurbitacin.
- Peas belong to the family Fabaceae and fix nitrogen through Rhizobium.
- Beans are rich in protein.
- Pumpkin is a monoecious plant (male and female flowers separate on same plant).
- Ash gourd is known as winter melon.
- Chillies contain capsaicin, responsible for pungency.
- The spiciness in chilli is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU).
- Drumstick (Moringa) is a rich source of Vitamin A and calcium.
- Cluster bean (Guar) is used for gum extraction (guar gum).
- Sweet corn is a type of Zea mays saccharata.
- Bitter gourd contains Momordicin causing bitterness.
- Tinda (Indian round gourd) is a cucurbitaceous
- Potato requires cool temperature and long day conditions for tuberization.
- Tomato belongs to family Solanaceae.
- Amorphophallus (Elephant foot yam) has a corm as edible part.
- Colocasia (Arvi) has a corm as edible part.
- Bottle gourd is a good crop for summer season.
- Brinjal originated in India.
- Tomato originated in Peru.
- Chilli originated in Mexico.
- Cabbage originated in the Mediterranean region.
- Okra originated in Ethiopia/Africa.
- Pusa Ruby – a popular tomato variety developed by IARI, New Delhi.
- Pusa Hybrid-2 – first tomato hybrid released in India.
- Arka Vikas – high-yielding tomato variety from IIHR, Bengaluru.
- Arka Abha (BWR-1) – bacterial wilt-resistant tomato variety.
- Pusa Sadabahar – chilli variety tolerant to leaf-curl and virus.
- Punjab Lal – leading chilli variety in North India.
- Arka Harita – improved chilli hybrid with high capsaicin content.
- Arka Anamika – famous okra hybrid resistant to YVMV.
- Varsha Uphar – okra hybrid tolerant to YVMV and ELCV.
- Pusa Sawani – most widely grown okra variety in India.
- Arka Nidhi – brinjal hybrid with high yield and long fruits.
- Pusa Purple Long – popular brinjal variety for North India.
- Arka Keshav – resistant to little leaf disease in brinjal.
- Arka Navneet – brinjal hybrid suitable for export.
- Arka Pragati – onion variety for rabi season.
- Pusa Red – onion variety developed by IARI.
- N-53 – most common onion variety in Maharashtra.
- Pusa White Flat – garlic variety with bold cloves.
- Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282) – garlic variety released by NHRDF.
- Arka Suvarna – pumpkin hybrid with uniform fruits.
- Arka Manik – watermelon variety with dark red flesh.
- Sugar Baby – early-maturing watermelon variety.
- Arka Jeet – bottle gourd hybrid suitable for kharif.
- Pusa Naveen – bottle gourd hybrid from IARI.
- Pusa Do Mausami – cucumber variety suitable for both seasons.
- Arka Ujwal – ridge gourd variety from IIHR.
- Arka Komal – French bean variety resistant to rust.
- Arka Anoop – cowpea variety for dual purpose (vegetable + fodder).
- Pusa Himani – pea variety for hilly regions.
- Arkel – early pea variety with wrinkled seeds.
- Pusa Ageti – early cauliflower variety.
- Pusa Snowball-K-1 – mid-season cauliflower variety.
- Pant Gobhi-3 – late cauliflower variety from Pantnagar.
- Pusa Katki – radish variety suitable for early sowing.
- Pusa Reshmi – radish with soft white roots.
- Japanese White – radish variety with mild flavor.
- Pusa Kesar – carrot variety rich in carotene.
- Nantes Half Long – European carrot
- Punjab Selection – turnip variety with white flesh.
- Purple Top White Globe – turnip for temperate regions.
- Pusa Kranti – multipurpose brinjal
- Arka Niketan – tomato hybrid for off-season cultivation.
- Arka Rakshak – triple disease-resistant tomato hybrid (bacterial wilt, TLCV, EB).
- Arka Samrat – determinate tomato hybrid with high yield.
- Punjab Mehak-1 – onion variety with strong aroma.
- Hisar Lalit – okra variety from CCSHAU Hisar.
- Pant Bahar – cowpea variety from Pantnagar.
- Pusa Sona – pumpkin
- Pusa Mridula – bottle gourd with uniform fruit shape.
- Pant Sankar Lauki-1 – bottle gourd hybrid from Pantnagar.
General Agriculture
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Agronomy
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Horticulture
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Soil Science
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Extension Education
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Agricultural Economics
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Animal Husbandry
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Entomology
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Plant Pathology
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Crop Physiology
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Agricultural Microbiology
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Agricultural Biotechnology
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Agricultural Meterology
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