1. The father of Indian Mycology is J. Butler.
2. The first recorded plant disease in India is Late Blight of Potato (1883).
3. Wilt of cotton is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum.
4. Root knot nematode belongs to the genus Meloidogyne.
5. Heterodera avenae causes cereal cyst nematode in wheat and barley.
6. Globodera rostochiensis causes potato cyst nematode.
7. White rust of crucifers is caused by Albugo candida.
8. Loose smut of wheat is controlled by solar heat treatment of seeds.
9. Head smut of sorghum is caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana.
10. Rhizoctonia solani causes sheath blight of rice.
11. Alternaria solani causes early blight of tomato and potato.
12. Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato and tomato.
13. Puccinia graminis tritici causes black rust of wheat.
14. Puccinia recondita tritici causes brown rust of wheat.
15. Puccinia striiformis tritici causes yellow rust of wheat.
16. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice.
17. Erwinia carotovora causes soft rot of vegetables.
18. Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops.
19. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causes bacterial speck of tomato.
20. Colletotrichum falcatum causes red rot of sugarcane.
21. Ustilago maydis causes common smut of maize.
22. Cercospora arachidicola causes early leaf spot of groundnut.
23. Phaeoisariopsis personata causes late leaf spot of groundnut.
24. Plasmodiophora brassicae causes club root of crucifers.
25. Tilletia foetida causes stinking smut of wheat.
26. Tilletia indica causes Karnal bunt of wheat.
27. Fusarium udum causes wilt of pigeon pea.
28. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causes Panama disease of banana.
29. Corynespora cassiicola causes target spot of cotton.
30. Alternaria brassicae causes leaf spot of mustard.
31. Corynebacterium michiganense causes bacterial canker of tomato.
32. Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease.
33. Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli causes ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane.
34. Spiroplasma citri causes citrus stubborn disease.
35. Phytoplasma causes little leaf of brinjal.
36. Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) are responsible for phyllody and witches’ broom
37. Uromyces appendiculatus causes rust of French bean.
38. Erysiphe cichoracearum causes powdery mildew of cucurbits.
39. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes stem rot of mustard and sunflower.
40. Sclerotium rolfsii causes collar rot of groundnut.
41. Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould of grapes and tomato.
42. Pythium aphanidermatum causes seed rot and damping-off in seedlings.
43. Fusarium moniliforme causes Bakanae disease of rice.
44. Gibberella fujikuroi is the sexual stage of Fusarium moniliforme.
45. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causes black rot of crucifers.
46. Pseudomonas solanacearum is a synonym of Ralstonia solanacearum.
47. Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin, a toxic metabolite in groundnut and maize.
48. Ergot of pearl millet is caused by Claviceps fusiformis.
49. Ergot of rye is caused by Claviceps purpurea.
50. Tundu disease of wheat is caused by the combination of Anguina tritici and Corynebacterium tritici.

Founders and Discoveries

1. Father of Plant Pathology: Anton de Bary
2. Father of Microbiology: Louis Pasteur
3. Father of Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming (Penicillin, 1929)
4. Father of Indian Mycology: E.J. Butler
5. First Transgenic Plant: Tobacco
6. Gram Staining Method: Christian Gram (1884)
7. Crystallization of TMV Virus: Stanley (1935)
8. Systemic Fungicide Discovery: Van Schmeling & Kulka (1966)

⚗️ Important Chemicals, Tests & Tools

1. Bordeaux Mixture: P.M.A. Millardet (1885)
2. Effective Fungicide for Powdery Mildew: Sulphur or Dinocap (Karathane)
3. Systemic Fungicide (effective against smut): Carboxin (Vitavax)
4. Effective against Oomycetous fungi: Metalaxyl (Ridomil, Apron SD)
5. Ooze Test: For detecting bacterial infection
6. ELISA Test: Used for viral disease detection
7. Antibiotic for MLO control: Tetracycline
8. Downy mildew of pearl millet suppressed by: Chlorine