Extension Programme Planning

1. Programme planning means deciding in advance what to do and how to do it.
2. The first step in programme planning is identification of needs.
3. Programme evaluation measures success and impact.
4. Farm and Home Survey helps identify local needs and problems.
5. Four Steps in Extension Programme: Planning, Execution, Evaluation, Reconsideration.
6. PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) is used for bottom-up planning.
7. Monitoring is a continuous assessment of progress.
8. Evaluation determines effectiveness of the programme.
9. Feedback helps to improve future programmes.
10. Participation ensures local ownership and sustainability.

Extension Evaluation & Research

1. Evaluation means judging the value or effectiveness of an activity.
2. Types of evaluation: Formative (during) and Summative (after).
3. Data collection methods include interviews, observation, and surveys.
4. Case study is an in-depth study of a single unit.
5. Participatory evaluation involves beneficiaries in assessment.
6. Experimental design helps establish cause-effect relationships.
7. Before-after comparison measures change due to intervention.
8. Control group is used to compare treated vs untreated groups.
9. Impact assessment measures long-term results.
10. Baseline survey is conducted before programme implementation.

Extension Organizations & Training

1. ICAR coordinates agricultural research and extension in India.
2. KVKs provide on-farm training and demonstrations.
3. ATMA (Agricultural Technology Management Agency) established in 1998.
4. NATP (National Agricultural Technology Project) started in 1998 with World Bank aid.
5. NAHEP (National Agricultural Higher Education Project) launched in 2017.
6. MANAGE (Hyderabad) trains extension managers.
7. EEI (Extension Education Institute) provides in-service training.
8. SAMETI works at state level for training and coordination.
9. DAESI (Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers) trains input dealers.

Rural Sociology & Leadership

1. Sociology is the study of society and social behavior.
2. Rural sociology focuses on rural institutions and change.
3. Social structure includes family, caste, class, and village organization.
4. Leadership means influencing group behavior.
5. Types of leaders: Formal, Informal, Democratic, Autocratic.
6. Opinion leaders play key roles in adoption of innovations.
7. Social stratification divides society into hierarchical levels.
8. Social control maintains order through norms and sanctions.
9. Social change occurs due to education, technology, and communication.
10. Extension workers act as change agents in rural development.

ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in Extension

1. ICT means use of digital tools for effective communication and learning.
2. ICT helps in timely transfer of information to farmers.
3. e-Extension refers to application of ICT in extension services.
4. Kisan Call Centres (KCC) were launched in 2004 by the Government of India.
5. The toll-free number for Kisan Call Centre is 1800-180-1551.
6. mKisan Portal was launched in 2013 to provide SMS-based advisory to farmers.
7. AGRISNET stands for Agricultural Resources Information System Network.
8. eNAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) was launched in 2016.
9. AGMARKNET connects agricultural markets through the internet.
10. ICAR e-Krishi Samvad is a digital platform for farmer queries.
11. Digital Green is an ICT-based video dissemination platform for farmers.
12. FARMER Portal provides information on weather, inputs, and prices.
13. mAgri apps connect farmers to expert advisory systems.
14. e-Choupal initiative was launched by ITC Ltd. in 2000.
15. Kisan Suvidha App provides real-time weather, market, and input information.
16. Pusa Krishi App was developed by IARI, New Delhi.
17. GIS and Remote Sensing are used for agricultural planning and monitoring.
18. Expert Systems are used for crop disease diagnosis and advisory.

Extension Systems & Programmes

1. ATMA (Agricultural Technology Management Agency) started in 1998.
2. SREP (Strategic Research and Extension Plan) is prepared at district level under ATMA.
3. ATMA follows bottom-up, participatory planning.
4. Block Technology Team (BTT) is part of the ATMA structure at block level.
5. Farmers’ Advisory Committee (FAC) ensures farmers’ participation in decision-making.
6. Farmer Friend (FF) acts as a link between ATMA and local farmers.
7. NATP (National Agricultural Technology Project) was funded by World Bank in 1998.
8. NAIP (National Agricultural Innovation Project) was launched in
9. NAHEP (National Agricultural Higher Education Project) was launched in