Important Points
Microbial & Biological Control
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) |
Mostly used to control Lepidopteran larvae |
|
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) |
Commercially produced bacteria for insect control |
|
Toxin of Bt |
Acts as stomach poison, interferes with digestive system of insects |
|
NPV & Bt action |
Both act as stomach poisons |
|
Fungi & EPN (Entomopathogenic Nematodes) |
Act as contact poisons |
|
Successful Parasitoid |
Aphelinus mali → controls Apple woolly aphid |
|
Successful Predator |
Rodolia cardinalis → controls Cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) |
|
Phase theory of Locust |
Given by B.P. Uvarov, 1921 |
Physiology & Anatomy of Insects
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Chief Excretory Organ |
Malpighian tubules (MT) |
|
Major Excretory Product (terrestrial insects) |
Uric acid |
|
Juvenile Hormone (JH) |
Secreted by Corpora allata (CA) |
|
Moulting Hormone (Ecdysone) |
Secreted by Prothoracic glands |
|
Most effective moulting hormone |
Ecdysone |
|
Main feature of insects |
Three pairs of legs |
|
Tree banding controls |
Mango mealy bug (NET-2013) |
Taxonomy & Identification
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Binomial nomenclature given by |
C. Linnaeus, 1758 |
|
Scientific name of Maize stem borer |
Chilo partellus |
|
Termite control method |
Irrigation |
|
Bud necrosis in Groundnut |
Transmitted by Thrips |
|
Bud necrosis in Watermelon & Muskmelon |
Transmitted by Aphids |
|
Rice Gall midge (silver shoot symptom) |
Orseolia oryzae |
|
Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) |
Survives at high temperature & low humidity (storage pest) |
|
Protein hydrolysate |
Attractant used for fruit fly control |
|
Endemic pest |
Pest confined to particular area & occurs regularly |
Apiculture & Lac Culture
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Best bee species for culture |
Apis mellifera |
|
Largest honey bee species |
Apis dorsata |
|
Causative agent of Nosema disease |
Protozoan Nosema apis |
|
Country with monopoly in Lac production |
India |
Crop Protection & IPM
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Optimum plant population for Bt cotton |
10,000 plants/ha |
|
Bollgard |
Transgenic cotton (Bt cotton) |
|
Termite control |
Also possible through irrigation |
|
Tree banding |
Useful for mango mealy bug control |
|
Red pumpkin beetle |
Major pest of cucurbits |
|
Diamondback moth (DBM) |
Major pest of cruciferous vegetables (e.g., cabbage) |
Rodent & Quarantine Control
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Rodenticide – Bromadiolone (0.005%) |
Single-dose anticoagulant rodenticide |
|
Most suitable fumigant (quarantine) |
Methyl bromide |
|
DPPQ&S Headquarters |
Faridabad, Haryana (est. 1946) |
Insecticides & Safety
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Safe insecticide for vegetables |
Malathion |
|
Most widely used insect pheromone |
Female sex pheromone |
|
Housefly vector potential |
Transmits 65+ diseases (typhoid, dysentery, cholera, polio, anthrax, leprosy, TB) |
|
Toxin of Bt |
Acts on insect midgut after ingestion |
Storage & Field Pests
|
Topic |
Key Point |
|
Infestation starts from field |
Angoumois grain moth, Potato tuber moth, Pulse beetle, Sweet potato beetle |
|
Khapra beetle |
Survives at high temperature, low humidity (very serious storage pest) |
