1

Agriculture

J. V. Liebig

Father of Agricultural Chemistry; proposed Law of Minimum.

2

Agronomy

Pietro de Crescenzi

Defined agronomy as the science of crop production.

3

Horticulture

Peter De Candolle

First to write a book on horticulture in the 14th century.

4

Pomology (Fruit Science)

Dr. K. L. Chadha

Father of Indian Pomology; led the Golden Revolution.

5

Pedology (Soil Science)

V. V. Dokuchaev

Father of Soil Science; classified soils based on genesis.

6

Agroclimatology / Climate Classification

Wladimir Köppen

Developed Köppen’s climate classification system.

7

Natural Farming

Masanobu Fukuoka

Japanese scientist; author of “The One-Straw Revolution.”

8

Plant Physiology

Stephen Hales

Father of Plant Physiology; wrote Vegetable Staticks (1727).

9

Indian Plant Physiology

J. C. Bose (Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose)

Father of Indian Plant Physiology; proved plant response to stimuli.

10

Entomology

William Kirby

Father of Entomology; authored Introduction to Entomology.

11

Plant Pathology (Mycology)

Anton De Bary

Father of Mycology and Plant Pathology.

12

Plant Pathology in India

E. J. Butler

Father of Indian Plant Pathology.

13

Microbiology

Louis Pasteur

Discovered microbial fermentation and pasteurization.

14

Soil Microbiology

S. N. Winogradsky

Discovered chemoautotrophic and nitrifying bacteria.

15

Agrometeorology (India)

L. A. Ramdas

Pioneer of agrometeorological research in India.

16

Indian Ecology

R. Misra

Father of Indian Ecology; introduced quantitative ecology in India.

17

Organic Farming (Global)

Sir Albert Howard

Wrote An Agricultural Testament (1940) — basis of organic farming.

18

Organic Farming (Originator of Term)

Lord Northbourne

Coined the term “Organic Farming” in Look to the Land (1940).

19

Plant Experimentation

J. B. Boussingault

Conducted first field experiments on crop nutrition.

21

Genetics

Gregor Johann Mendel

Father of Genetics; formulated Mendel’s Laws.

22

Statistical Genetics

R. A. Fisher

Applied statistics in genetics and experimental design.

23

Economics

Adam Smith

Father of Economics; wrote Wealth of Nations (1776).

24

Agricultural Economics

Henry Charles Taylor

Father of Agricultural Economics.

25

Agricultural Extension Education

Dr. J. P. Leagans

Developed theories and definitions of agricultural extension.

Extension Education in India

K.N Singh

26

Sociology (Founder of Positivism)

Auguste Comte

Father of Sociology — established positivism approach.

1

Hybrid Rice

Yuan Longping (1974)

Developed world’s first hybrid rice in China.

2

Golden Rice

Ingo Potrykus & Peter Beyer (1999)

Genetically modified rice rich in Vitamin A.

3

Super Rice

Dr. G. S. Khush

High-yielding rice with enhanced photosynthesis; first Indian variety – Jaya.

4

CRI Stage in Wheat

B. L. Bharadwaj

Defined Crown Root Initiation stage (20–25 DAS).

5

Hybrid Cotton

C. T. Patel (1970)

Developed world’s first commercial hybrid cotton (H-4).

6

Bt Cotton

C. D. Mayee

Played key role in development and regulation of Bt cotton in India.

7

TPS (True Potato Seed)

Dr. S. Ramanujam

Developed TPS technology for disease-free potato propagation.

8

Seed Plot Technique (Potato)

Dr. Puskarnath

Introduced seed plot technique to produce healthy potato seed.

9

DRIS (Diagnosis & Recommendation Integrated System)

Beaufils (1973)

For plant nutrient diagnosis and correction.

10

Slow Release N Fertilizer Concept

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Developed controlled/slow-release nitrogen fertilizers.

11

Plant Ideotype Concept

Donald (1968)

Proposed ideal plant type concept for breeding.

12

A-Value Concept

Fried & Dean

Method for evaluating nutrient availability in soil.

13

Phyllosphere Term

Ruinen (1956)

Coined the term for microflora on plant leaf surface.

14

Rhizosphere Concept

Hiltner (1905)

Defined soil region influenced by root exudates.

15

Law of Minimum

J. V. Liebig

Plant growth limited by the nutrient in least supply.

16

Law of Limiting Factors

Blackman (1905)

Growth controlled by slowest or least favorable factor.

17

Law of Diminishing Returns

Mitscherlich (1909 / 1961 reference)

Incremental yield decreases with each additional nutrient dose.

18

Lime Requirement

Shoemaker (1952)

Developed method for determining lime requirement (SMP buffer method).

19

Gypsum Requirement

Schoonover & Moore

Developed procedure for gypsum requirement in sodic soils.

20

pH Scale

Sørensen (1909)

Introduced pH scale to measure acidity/alkalinity.

21

Bioclimatic Law

Hopkins

States that phenological events are delayed with increase in latitude, altitude, or distance from the equator.

22

Transpiration is a Necessary Evil”

Julius von Sachs

Because it causes water loss but is essential for nutrient and temperature regulation.