Cattle Breeds
Exotic Breeds (Not originated in India):
- Holstein Friesian: Netherland; Milk yield 5500–6100 L/lactation.
- Ayshire: Scotland; Milk yield 4600 L/lactation.
- Jersey: Island of Jersey (UK); Milk yield 4000 L/lactation.
- Brown-Swiss: Switzerland; Milk yield 5000–5100 L/lactation.
Indian Dairy Breeds of Cow:
- Milch Breeds:
- Sahiwal: Montgomery; High milk, sweet; also called “Lola/Multani.”
- Gir: Kathiawar (Gujarat); Long pendulous ears.
- Sindhi/Red Sindhi: Karachi (Pakistan); Red-brown, intelligent face.
- Draught Breeds:
- Malvi: Malwa (MP); Drought breed.
- Nagori: Nagaur & Jodhpur (Rajasthan); Superior draught breed, white/grey.
- Amritmahal: Mysore (Karnataka); Narrow face, long horns, grey.
- Kangayam: Tamil Nadu; Draught breed.
- Dual Purpose Breeds:
- Hariana: Hisar/Rohtak (Haryana); Best dual-purpose breed.
- Kankrej: Kutch (Gujarat); Highest body weight, “Swaichal.”
- Rathi: Alwar (Rajasthan).
- Tharparkar: Sindh (Pakistan); Also called White Sindhi.
- Ongole: Guntur (Andhra Pradesh); Pure white.
- Mewati: Haryana/UP.
- Kosi: Mathura.
- Hybrid Breeds (NDRI, Karnal):
- Karan Fries: Tharparkar × Holstein Friesian.
- Karan Swiss: Sahiwal × Brown Swiss.
Buffalo Breeds
- Murrah: Punjab/Delhi/Rohtak; Jet black, milk 1600 L, fat 7%.
- Bhadawari: Agra (UP); Copper color, milk 1100 L, fat 13%.
- Zaffrabadi: Kathiawar (Gujarat); Heavy, loose body, mini-elephant type.
- Nili Ravi: Montgomery/Firozpur (Pakistan); White eyes, milk 1850 L.
- Mehsana: Baroda (Gujarat); Cross Murrah × Surati.
- Surti: Baroda (Gujarat); Sickle-shaped horns.
- Godavari: Andhra Pradesh.
- Toda: Nilgiri (TN); Large-sized buffalo.
- Nagpuri: Maharashtra.
Poultry Breeds
Broiler: Young chicken 6–8 weeks; for meat.
Grower: 9–20 weeks; pre-laying management.
Layer: 21–72 weeks; egg production.
- American Class: New Hampshire, White Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red (dual-purpose, 100 eggs/year).
- Mediterranean Class (Egg production): Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona; light-bodied, high egg producers.
- English Class (Flushing): Australorp, Sussex.
- Indian Breeds: Aseel: UP; 70 eggs/year; 40 g; fighting sport. Kadaknath: MP; Black meat; also called Kali Masi.
Special Breeds:
- White Leghorn: Italy; Highest egg producer (220 eggs/year).
- Red Cornish: England; Meat purpose.
- Plymouth Rock: America; Good quality meat.
- Rhode Island Red: Rhode Island, England; Dual-purpose, 100 eggs/year.
Animal Diseases
- Cattle Viral Diseases: Swine fever, Pox, FMD, Plague, Newcastle (Ranikhet), Leucosis, Rinderpest, Bronchitis, Marek’s.
- Fungal Diseases: Bronchomycosis, Ringworm, Aflatoxicosis, Brooder pneumonia.
- Protozoal Diseases: Coccidiosis, Theileriosis, Anaplasmosis.
- Bacterial Diseases: Anthrax, Black Quarter, Brucellosis, Mastitis, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Typhoid.
Poultry Diseases
- Bacterial: Fowl cholera, Diarrhea.
- Viral: Ranikhet, Marek’s disease.
- Protozoal: Coccidiosis.
- Nutritional: Vitamin A deficiency – Nutritional roup; Vitamin D deficiency – Rickets.
Sheep Diseases
- Anthrax: Bacterial.
- Stiff lamb disease: Vitamin E deficiency.
Vaccination in Cattle
- Rinderpest: 6–8 months.
- FMD: Polyvalent tissue culture vaccine.
- Anthrax: 6–8 months; before rainy season.
- Black Quarter: 5 ml polyvalent vaccine after 3 weeks.
