Poultry Science

1. Poultry refers to domestic birds reared for eggs and meat.
2. India ranks 3rd in egg production and 4th in chicken meat production globally.
3. The poultry industry contributes about 1.3% to India’s GDP.
4. Layer birds are reared for egg production.
5. Broiler birds are reared for meat production.
6. Average egg production per layer per year – 320–340 eggs.
7. Hen-day egg production is a measure of egg-laying performance.
8. Brooding refers to providing heat to chicks after hatching.
9. Brooding temperature – 95°F in the first week, reduced by 5°F weekly.
10. Grower stage in poultry: 8–20 weeks.
11. Layer stage: 20 weeks onward.
12. Starter feed – 20–22% protein; Grower feed – 18%; Layer feed – 16–18%.
13. Broilers are ready for market at 6–7 weeks of age (1.8–2.2 kg).
14. Deep litter system uses wood shavings, rice husk, or sawdust.
15. Battery cage system is used for layers to save space.
16. Ventilation is crucial to control temperature and humidity.
17. Debeaking is the removal of part of the beak to prevent cannibalism.
18. Candling checks fertility and embryo development in eggs.
19. Incubation period for chicken – 21 days.
20. Duck – 28 days; Turkey – 28 days; Quail – 16–18 days.
21. ICAR-CARI, Izatnagar (Bareilly, UP) – major poultry research institute.
22. ICAR-DPR, Hyderabad – Directorate of Poultry Research.
23. White Leghorn – famous egg breed.
24. Rhode Island Red (RIR) – dual-purpose breed.
25. Broiler strains include Vencobb, Hubbard, Ross.
26. Vanaraja and Gramapriya are backyard poultry breeds by ICAR.
27. Kadaknath – black meat breed from Madhya Pradesh.
28. Aseel – famous Indian fighting breed.
29. Biosecurity prevents disease spread in poultry farms.
30. Avian influenza is caused by H5N1 virus.
31. Newcastle disease is also known as Ranikhet disease.
32. Marek’s disease affects nervous system of chickens.
33. Fowl pox is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes.
34. Coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp. (protozoan).
35. Vaccination schedule is essential for chick health and productivity.
36. Litter management reduces ammonia accumulation and infection.
37. Molting is shedding of old feathers to renew plumage.
38. Hen’s egg weight – around 55–60 g.
39. Shell thickness – about 0.35 mm.
40. Egg composition: Shell 10%, Albumen 60%, Yolk 30%.

Fisheries Science 

1. India ranks 2nd in fish production after China.
2. Fisheries contribute about 1.1% to India’s GDP.
3. India’s total fish production (2023–24) – 174 lakh tonnes.
4. Blue Revolution refers to rapid growth in fish production.
5. ICAR-CIFA (Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture) – Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
6. ICAR-CMFRI (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute) – Kochi, Kerala.
7. ICAR-CIFE (Central Institute of Fisheries Education) –
8. ICAR-CIFT (Central Institute of Fisheries Technology) – Kochi, Kerala.
9. ICAR-NBFGR (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources) – Lucknow, UP.
10. ICAR-CIWA (Central Institute for Women in Agriculture) –
11. Catla, Rohu, Mrigal are major Indian carp species.
12. Catla catla – surface feeder; Rohu – column feeder; Mrigal – bottom feeder.
13. Composite fish culture combines different feeding habits.
14. Tilapia is known as the “aquatic chicken.”
15. Trout and Salmon are cold water fishes.
16. Hilsa is a famous anadromous fish (migrates from sea to river).
17. Catfish – air-breathing species found in India.
18. Prawn and shrimp culture are major export-oriented activities.
19. Brackish water aquaculture is practiced in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
20. Fish meal is a high-protein supplement (60–70%).
21. Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
22. Aquaponics combines aquaculture and hydroponics.
23. Mariculture means marine fish farming in sea water.
24. Ornamental fish culture is an emerging
25. Fish seed means spawn, fry, or fingerlings.
26. Hatchery is used for artificial breeding of fish.
27. Hypophysation involves induced breeding using pituitary hormones.
28. Oxygen depletion causes fish mortality in ponds.
29. Lime (CaCO₃) is added to neutralize pond acidity.
30. Fish preservation includes icing, salting, freezing, and canning.

Government Schemes & Institutions

1. Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) – for conservation and genetic improvement of indigenous breeds.
2. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) – established in 1965, Anand (Gujarat).
3. Operation Flood launched in 1970 – known as White Revolution.
4. Father of White Revolution – Verghese Kurien.
5. Operation Greens – for stabilizing prices of perishable crops (TOP: Tomato, Onion, Potato).
6. National Livestock Mission (NLM) – focuses on feed, fodder, and breed development.
7. National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) – for eradication of FMD and Brucellosis.
8. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (DEDS) – provides financial assistance for dairy units.
9. Pashu Kisan Credit Card (PKCC) – for credit support to livestock farmers.
10. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) – established in 2006, Hyderabad.
11. Blue Revolution Scheme launched in 2015–16.
12. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) – launched in 2020 for fisheries development.
13. Livestock Insurance Scheme – protects farmers against animal loss.
14. Rural Backyard Poultry Development (RBPD) – under NLM.
15. Fisheries Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) – for modern fishery infrastructure.
16. National Aquaculture Development Plan (2024–25) promotes sustainable fish farming.
17. Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) – launched by
18. Integrated Dairy Development Programme (IDDP) – to support cooperative dairy units.
19. Pashudhan Sanchayan Yojana – for breed improvement and semen station upgrades.
20. Livestock Census Portal launched by DAHD (Dept. of Animal Husbandry & Dairying).
21. Gopal Ratna Award – honors best dairy farmers and AI technicians.
22. National Kamdhenu Breeding Centre – located in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
23. Gokul Gram Yojana – for indigenous cattle rearing centers.
24. e-Gopala App – digital platform for livestock management.
25. Rashtriya Pashudhan Vikas Abhiyan (RPVA) – launched in 2023 for sustainable livestock growth.
26. Dairy Sahakar Scheme (NCDC) – launched in 2021 to promote cooperative dairying.
27. FMD vaccination – given twice a year (every 6 months).
28. India hosts 20% of world’s livestock population.*
29. Dairy sector employs about 80 million rural households.*
30. Livestock and fisheries are the backbone of India’s rural economy.