Agronomy Module 7

1. Mycorrhiza: Symbiotic association between fungus and roots of higher plants.
2. VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza): Used as P-solubilizing fungi in plant roots.
3. Halophytes: Plants growing in salt water.
4. Reclamation disease: Due to copper deficiency.
5. Element available in both anion and cation form: Nitrogen.
6. Most prominent soil group of India: Alluvial soil.
7. Black cotton soil: Suitable for vertical mulch.
8. Soil pH for optimum crop growth: 6.5–7.0
9. C:N ratio of organic matter: 10:1
10. Sulphur content in SSP: 12%
11. Micronutrient most deficient in Indian soils: Zinc (Zn).
12. Macronutrient most deficient in Indian soils: Nitrogen.
13. Material used to correct soil acidity: Lime.
14. Biuret permissible limit in urea: 1.5%.
15. Carbon content in organic matter: 37%.
16. Bulk density: Mass per unit volume.
17. Delta: Depth of water required by crop.
18. Duty: Area irrigated by one cusec discharge of water.
19. Base period: Duration in days for which irrigation is supplied.
20. Irrigation efficiency (loamy soils): 70% (highest).
21. Most efficient irrigation method: Drip irrigation.
22. Flood irrigation: Suitable for saline soils and crops like rice, jute.
23. Sprinkler irrigation: Protects from cold (latent heat of fusion).
24. Country with highest irrigation efficiency: Israel.
25. Country with highest irrigated area: India.
26. Country with 100% cropped area irrigated: Egypt.
27. Ammonium polyphosphate: Contains 15% N and 62% P₂O₅.
28. Cheapest N fertilizer: Urea.
29. Explosive fertilizer: Ammonium nitrate.
30. First product of urea hydrolysis: Ammonium carbonate.
31. DAP: Major phosphate fertilizer used in India.
32. Fertilizer with next crop benefit (green-manured soil): Phosphatic fertilizer.
33. Element giving disease & drought resistance: Potassium.
34. Element for energy transfer/storage: Phosphorus.
35. Total essential nutrients (modern concept): 17
36. Arnon & Stout (1939): Proposed 16 essential nutrients and criteria of essentiality.
37. Hormone related to drought tolerance: Abscisic acid (ABA).
38. Dormancy breaking hormone: Gibberellic acid (GA₃).
39. Hormone used as herbicide: 2,4-D, Dicamba.
40. Root promoting hormone: IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid).
41. Flower and fruit setting hormone: NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid).
42. Apical dominance: Due to auxin hormone.
43. Growth retardant: Cycocel (CCC).
44. Growth stimulant: Triacontanol (from Lucerne leaves).
45. Kaolin: Reflecting-type antitranspirant.
46. Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA): Chemical used to reduce transpiration.
47. GA application: Increases size of Thompson seedless grapes.
48. Power tiller: Best for paddy cultivation.
49. Depth of puddling in rice: 5 cm.
50. Water level in wet nursery of rice: 5 cm.
51. Optimum spacing for wheat: 22.5 cm (row to row).
52. Depth of soybean sowing: 3 cm.
53. Sowing pattern in dryland: Broadcasting.
54. Cubodial planting: Has maximum plant population.
55. Parallel cropping: Crops with different habits and zero competition.
56. Multistoried cropping: Crops of different heights simultaneously.
57. Bench terracing: Done on slopes > 16–33%.
58. Agronomic measures for erosion: Slopes < 2%.
59. Nursery area for 1 ha rice: 0.10 ha.
60. Number of ratoons in sugarcane: One time advisable.
61. Tetrazolium (Tz) test: Tests viability of seeds.
62. National Seed Act: 1966.
63. National Seed Corporation (NSC): 1963.
64. First Indian Director of IARI: Dr. B. Vishvanath.