Question 121

Intensification of crops, in both space and time dimension, refers to: (Repeat of Q111)

1. Sequential cropping
2. Double cropping
3. Mono cropping
4. Intercropping

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• Intercropping– Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land (space and time intensification).
• Sequential cropping– Only time dimension.

 

 

Question 122

Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by: (Repeat of Q112)

1. Mendel
2. Sutton-Boveri
3. Morgan
4. Darwin

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation: Sutton and Boveri (1902-1904) – Proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance.

 

 

Question 123

The mean value of parent A is 10, parent B is 6 and midparent value is 8. The mean value of F₁ hybrid is less than 10 and more than 8. Then it is: (Repeat of Q113)

1. Heterobeltiosis
2. No dominance
3. Partial dominance
4. Complete dominance

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• Partial (incomplete) dominance– F₁ mean is between the two parents but closer to one parent (not exactly intermediate).

 

 

Question 124

During which stage of meiosis crossing over takes place? (Repeat of Q114)

1. Zygotene
2. Pachytene
3. Diplotene
4. Diakinesis

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• Pachytene– The stage of prophase I where crossing over

 

 

Question 125

Genetic purity in the field is controlled through: (Repeat of Q115)

1. Seed testing
2. Seed sampling
3. Field inspection
4. Rouging

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• Rouging– Removal of off-type plants from the seed production field to maintain genetic purity.

 

 

Question 126

The phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation of dihybrid cross is: (Repeat of Q116)

1. 9:3:3:1
2. 3:9:3:1
3. 1:2:1
4. None of these

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation: Dihybrid cross F₂ phenotypic ratio – 9:3:3:1.

 

 

Question 127

Number of phenotypes in F₂ when five genes are segregating and in case of existence of complete dominance is equal to: (Repeat of Q117)

1. 32
2. 8
3. 16
4. 20

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation: Number of phenotypes = 2ⁿ = 2⁵ = 32.

 

 

Question 128

Which among the following pulse crops is regarded as ‘poor man’s pulse’? (Repeat of Q118)

1. Chickpea
2. Horse gram
3. Green gram
4. Black gram

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• Horse gram– Called “poor man’s pulse” due to low input requirements and drought tolerance.

 

Question 129

The terms Vertical and Horizontal resistance were coined by: (Repeat of Q119)

1. Starkman, E.C.
2. Vanderplank, J.E.
3. Flor, H.H.
4. Fry, W.E.

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation: J.E. Vanderplank – Coined vertical and horizontal resistance.

 

 

Question 130

The synthetic seed is: (Repeat of Q120)

1. Fluid drilled seed
2. Seed without seed coat
3. Seed tablet
4. Artificial seed

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation: Synthetic seed – Encapsulated somatic embryos (artificial seed).

 

 

Question 131

To be self-reliant in agriculture, the following growth rate in agriculture is necessary in India:

1. 0%
2. 5%
3. 0%
4. 5%

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• To achieve self-reliance in agricultureand meet the food demands of a growing population, India requires an agricultural growth rate of 0% per annum.
• This is the target often cited in government policy documents.

 

 

Question 132

The main links between ICAR and SAUs are:

1. NRC
2. AICRP
3. Project Directorates
4. National Bureaus

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• AICRP (All India Coordinated Research Projects)– The main link between ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) and SAUs (State Agricultural Universities) .
  • These projects coordinate research across multiple locations and institutions.
• NRC, Project Directorates, National Bureaus– Also under ICAR but not the primary link.

 

 

Question 133

During which of the following stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids begin to move towards the poles?

1. Prophase I
2. Telophase I
3. Anaphase II
4. Anaphase I

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• Anaphase II– Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles (similar to mitosis).
• Anaphase I– Homologous chromosomes separate (sister chromatids remain together).
• Telophase I– Chromosomes arrive at poles.
• Prophase I– Chromosomes condense, crossing over occurs.

 

 

Question 134

Guttation occurs through:

1. Stomata
2. Leaf directly
3. Hydathodes
4. Injured tissues

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• Guttation– The exudation of liquid water droplets from leaves, occurring through hydathodes (specialized pores) at the margins or tips of leaves.
  • Occurs at night or early morning when transpiration is low and root pressure is high.
• Stomata– For transpiration (water vapor).
• Lenticels– For gas exchange in woody stems.

 

 

Question 135

The area under degraded land in India is:

1. 150 million hectares
2. 142 million hectares
3. 180 million hectares
4. 200 million hectares

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• The total area under degraded landin India is approximately 142 million hectares (according to various government reports).
• This includes water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, and other forms of degradation.

 

 

Question 136

The enzyme responsible for prediction of viability of seed through Tetrazolium test is:

1. Peroxidase
2. Amylase
3. Superoxide dismutase
4. Dehydrogenase

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• Tetrazolium test (TZ test)– A seed viability test based on the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes in living tissues.
  • Dehydrogenases reduce colorless tetrazolium salt to red formazan.
  • Only living (viable) tissues with active respiration show red staining.
• Peroxidase, amylase, superoxide dismutase– Not detected by TZ test.

 

 

Question 137

The premier institute under ICAR to conduct research and training in Agricultural Research Management is:

1. IARI
2. ASRB
3. NAAIM
4. MANAGE

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management)– Located in Hyderabad. It conducts research and training in agricultural extension management.
• IARI– Indian Agricultural Research Institute (research).
• ASRB– Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board.
• NAAIM– National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (now MANAGE?).

 

 

Question 138

The term used for a picture of persons’ chromosomes is:

1. Karyotype
2. Syndrome
3. Chromatin
4. Fingerprint

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• Karyotype– A picture or organized representation of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes (arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern).
• Syndrome– A set of symptoms.
• Chromatin– DNA + protein complex in the nucleus.
• Fingerprint– For identification, not chromosomes.

 

 

Question 139

Photorespiration does not occur in:

1. C₃ plants
2. C₄ plants
3. CAM plants
4. Temperate plants

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• C₄ plants– Have a CO₂-concentrating mechanism in bundle sheath cells that suppresses photorespiration.
  • Photorespiration is very low or negligible in C₄ plants.
• C₃ plants– High photorespiration.
• CAM plants– No photorespiration during the day (stomata closed), but can occur at night.
• Temperate plants– Mostly C₃, so photorespiration occurs.

 

 

Question 140

The soil rich in potassium and phosphorus, is:

1. Black soil
2. Alluvial soil
3. Saline soil
4. Red soil

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• Black soil (Regur soil)– Rich in potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) .
  • Also rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron.
  • Deficient in nitrogen and organic matter.
• Alluvial soil– Rich in potash but poor in phosphorus.
• Red soil– Poor in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
• Saline soil– High in soluble salts.

 

 

Question 141

Which kind of dormancy is exhibited by lettuce seed?

1. Photodormancy
2. Innate dormancy
3. Induced dormancy
4. Physiological dormancy

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• Lettuce seedsexhibit photodormancy – a type of dormancy where germination is inhibited in darkness and promoted by light (especially red light).
• Mechanism:Phytochrome system – red light converts Pr (inactive) to Pfr (active), promoting germination; far-red light reverses it.
• Innate dormancy– Present at seed dispersal (endogenous).
• Induced dormancy– Caused by unfavorable conditions after dispersal.
• Physiological dormancy– Broad category; lettuce photodormancy is a specific type.

 

 

Question 142

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) was established in:

1. 1995
2. 2005
3. 1991
4. 1986

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority)– Established in 1986 under the APEDA Act, 1985.
• Functions:
  • Development of export of agricultural and processed food products.
  • Registration of exporters.
  • Promotion of export-oriented production.
• Headquarters:New Delhi.

 

 

Question 143

Which of the following enzymes is involved in transcription?

1. RNA polymerase
2. Taq polymerase
3. DNA polymerase I
4. DNA polymerase II

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• Transcription– The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
• Taq polymerase– Used in PCR (DNA amplification).
• DNA polymerase I and II– Involved in DNA replication and repair.

 

 

Question 144

Which of the following is an all-autogenous oil seed?

1. Safflower
2. Groundnut
3. Sesame
4. Mustard

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• All-autogenous (allogamous)– Cross-pollinated oilseed crop.
• Safflower– Primarily cross-pollinated (pollinated by insects).
• Groundnut, sesame, mustard– Self-pollinated (autogamous).
• Note:The term “all-autogenous” may be a misprint; likely means “allogamous” (cross-pollinated).

 

 

Question 145

Total number of codons are:

1. 46
2. 50
3. 64
4. 100

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• The genetic code consists of 64 codons(triplet combinations of four nucleotides: 4³ = 64).
• Out of these:
  • 61 codons– Code for amino acids.
  • 3 codons– Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA).
• AUG– Start codon (also codes for methionine).

 

 

Question 146

Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?

1. Fire blight of apple
2. Halo blight of bean
3. Ring rot of potato
4. Wart of potato

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

• Wart of potato– Caused by the fungus Synchytrium endobioticum (a chytridiomycete). Not caused by bacteria.
• Fire blight of apple– Caused by Erwinia amylovora (bacterium).
• Halo blight of bean– Caused by Pseudomonas syringae phaseolicola (bacterium).
• Ring rot of potato– Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis sepedonicus (bacterium).

 

 

Question 147

A disease associated with fungus and insects is:

1. Downy Mildew
2. Powdery Mildew
3. Sooty Mold
4. Grey Mildew

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• Sooty mold– A fungal disease caused by saprophytic fungi (e.g., Capnodium, Meliola) that grow on honeydew excreted by insects (aphids, whiteflies, scales).
  • The fungus itself does not infect the plant; it grows on the surface.
  • Associated with both fungus and insects.
• Downy mildew, powdery mildew, grey mildew– Caused by fungi alone (no insect association).

 

 

Question 148

In order to call the host as primary, the heteroecious rust pathogen should produce which of the following stage on that particular host:

1. Uredial stage
2. Telial stage
3. Aerial stage
4. Pycnidial stage

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

• Heteroecious rust fungi– Require two different hosts to complete their life cycle.
• Primary host (telial host)– The host on which the uredial and telial stages (repeating stage) occur (e.g., wheat for black rust).
• Secondary host (alternate host)– The host on which pycnidial and aecial stages occur (e.g., barberry for black rust).
• Uredial stage– Produces urediniospores (repeating stage) on the primary host.

 

 

Question 149

The best example for mycoherbicide is:

1. Entomophthora muscae
2. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
3. Cercospora apii
4. Alternaria alternata

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

• Mycoherbicide– A fungus used as a biological control agent against weeds.
• Colletotrichum gloeosporioides– Used as a mycoherbicide for controlling northern joint vetch in rice and soybean (registered as “Collego”).
• Entomophthora muscae– Fungal pathogen of insects (mycoinsecticide), not a mycoherbicide.
• Cercospora apii– Causes leaf spot on celery (plant pathogen, not used as mycoherbicide).
• Alternaria alternata– Plant pathogen, some strains used as mycoherbicide but not the best example.

 

 

Question 150

Green ear symptom of bajra is due to: (Repeat of Q8)

1. Rust
2. Smut
3. Downy mildew
4. Leaf blight

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

• Green ear of bajra (pearl millet)– Caused by downy mildew fungus Sclerospora graminicola.
• Symptoms:Inflorescence transformed into green, leafy structures (phyllody).