Course Content
Crop Production (Unit 6)
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ASRB NET / SRF / Ph.D. Agronomy

Geographical Distribution of Commercial Crops & Condiments

Crop / Condiment

Origin

Major Producing States (India)

Major Producing Countries (World)

Remarks

Cotton

India (Indus-Gangetic region, Central Asia)

Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Telangana, Karnataka

India, China, USA, Pakistan, Brazil

Divided into long, medium, and short staple varieties

Sugarcane

India (Indo-Gangetic plains)

Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar

Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan

Sub-tropical (UP, Bihar), Tropical (Maharashtra, Karnataka)

Jute

Indo-Bangladesh region

West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Meghalaya

India, Bangladesh

Requires hot, humid climate with alluvial soil

Tea

Assam, China

Assam, West Bengal (Darjeeling, Dooars), Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris), Kerala

China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam

Assam tea – black, Darjeeling tea – aromatic

Coffee

Ethiopia

Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu

Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Ethiopia

Arabica – South India, Robusta – Kerala

Tobacco

America (introduced to India)

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Bihar

China, Brazil, India, USA

Virginia type – Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka

Rubber

South America (Amazon)

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Tripura, Assam

Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, India

Equatorial crop; humid tropics

Coconut

South-East Asia

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha

Indonesia, Philippines, India, Sri Lanka

Coastal belt crop; also in Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar

 

Condiments / Spices

Spice / Condiment

Origin

Major Producing States (India)

Major Producing Countries (World)

Remarks

Black Pepper

Malabar Coast, Kerala

Kerala, Karnataka (Coorg), Tamil Nadu

Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Brazil

“King of Spices”

Cardamom

Western Ghats, Kerala

Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu

Guatemala, India, Sri Lanka

“Queen of Spices”

Chilli

Central & South America

Andhra Pradesh (Guntur), Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh

India, China, Mexico

India is largest producer & exporter

Ginger

Southeast Asia

Kerala, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, Odisha

India, China, Nepal, Nigeria

Used fresh & dried

Turmeric

India (South India)

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Odisha

India, Bangladesh, China

Nizamabad – “Turmeric City”

Coriander

Mediterranean region

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh

India, Morocco, Russia, USA

Mostly rabi season crop

Cumin (Jeera)

Mediterranean & Middle East

Rajasthan, Gujarat

India, Syria, Iran, Turkey

Arid/semi-arid climate required

Fenugreek (Methi)

Middle East & India

Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh

India, Egypt, Iran

Used as spice & leafy vegetable

Mustard

North-Western plains of India

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana

Canada, India, Russia

Oilseed & condiment

Clove

Spice Islands (Indonesia)

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Indonesia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India

Small pockets in Western Ghats

Nutmeg

Spice Islands (Indonesia)

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Indonesia, Grenada, India

Aromatic spice for baking & seasoning

Cinnamon

Sri Lanka, South India

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India

Used in confectionery & flavoring

 

Geographical Distribution of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs)

Plant / Crop

Origin / Primary Centre

Major Producing States (India)

Major Producing Countries (World)

Remarks / Uses

Aloe Vera

Arabian Peninsula

Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu

India, Mexico, USA

Used in cosmetics, medicine, gels

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

India

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat

India, Nepal, Pakistan

Root used for tonic, adaptogen

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)

India

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala

India, Nepal, Sri Lanka

Brain tonic, memory enhancer

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)

India

Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka

India, Nepal, Bangladesh

Medicinal herb, immunity booster

Amla (Indian Gooseberry)

India

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh

India

Vitamin C-rich, medicinal & cosmetic use

Lemongrass

Southeast Asia

Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, Karnataka

India, Indonesia, Brazil

Oil used in perfumery, aromatherapy

Citronella

Sri Lanka / Indonesia

Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala

India, Indonesia, Brazil

Oil used in perfumes, insect repellents

Mint (Mentha spp.)

Mediterranean / India

Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan

India, USA, China

Leaf & oil used in food, medicine, fragrance

Sandalwood

India (Deccan Plateau)

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala

India, Australia, Indonesia

Wood & oil used in perfumes, cosmetics

Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis)

Southeast Asia

Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland

India, Indonesia, Malaysia

Resin used in perfumes & incense

Peppermint

Europe / India

Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh

USA, India, China

Leaf & oil used in medicine, flavoring

Vetiver (Khus)

India

Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat

India, Haiti, Indonesia

Root oil used in perfumery & aromatherapy

Hibiscus

India / Tropical Asia

Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

India, Egypt, Sudan

Flowers used in cosmetics & beverages

Chamomile

Europe / Asia

Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir

Germany, Egypt, India

Flowers used in tea, cosmetics, medicine

 

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