Integrated Agricultural Development Programme (IADP)

Launched in July 1960, the IADP was implemented in a phased manner across selected districts in India.

Key Features of IADP:

Aim of IADP:

Integrated Approach to Solve Production Problems: The IADP aimed to address agricultural production issues by adopting a package of improved practices, integrating financial, technical, extension, and administrative support.

Eradicating Rural Poverty through Agriculture: Known as the “Package Programme”, it aimed to reduce rural poverty significantly by offering comprehensive solutions for agricultural improvement.

Objectives of the IADP:

Rapid Increase in Agricultural Production: Focused on a concentration of resources (financial, technical, administrative, and extension) in specific areas to boost agricultural production.

Stimulating Human and Physical Change: Aimed at creating self-generating breakthroughs in productivity, increasing the overall production potential.

Demonstrating Effective Production Techniques: Intended to showcase methods for increasing production, which could be extended to other areas in the future.

Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP)

Launched in 1964-65, the IAAP focused on regions with high agricultural productivity potential, aiming to intensify production in these areas.

Key Features of IAAP:

Philosophy of IAAP:

• The core idea was to focus intensely on areas with high production potential, promoting scientifically advanced and progressive agricultural practices.
• It targeted areas where significant productivity improvements could be achieved, focusing heavily on intensive farming practices.

Key Components of IAAP:

1. Coverage of Cultivated Area:

1. • The IAAP aimed to cover at least 20% of the cultivated area of the country through intensive efforts.

2. Emphasis on Key Crops:

1. • Concentration on import and essential commercial crops:
     • Wheat
     • Rice
     • Cotton
     • Sugarcane
     • Pulses
     • Potato
     • Millets

3. Goal of Sustaining Long-Term Productivity:

1. • Aimed to establish a foundation for long-term self-sufficient and sustainable productivity gains, laying the groundwork for the Green Revolution.

Differences Between IADP and IAAP

Conclusion

• The IADP served as an integrated approach to boost agricultural production across all aspects, ensuring a comprehensive rural development plan by combining financial, technical, and administrative support.
• The IAAP, on the other hand, was a more targeted, intensive farming strategy, focused specifically on areas with high production potential and aimed to revolutionize agriculture, ultimately setting the stage for the Green Revolution in India.

High Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP-1966)

Purpose

• Launched in 1966, the HYVP aimed to achieve food self-sufficiency in India by using high-yielding varieties of crops.
• It emphasized a combination of advanced technologies, fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection, and modern equipment.

Key Components of HYVP:

1. High-Yield Varieties of Crops

1. • Focused on the introduction and cultivation of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of major crops like wheat, rice, and pulses.

2. Integrated Agricultural Support

1. • Used a combination of:
     • Balanced fertilizers
     • Improved irrigation techniques
     • Plant protection measures
     • Modern farming implements

3. Objective

• To substantially increase crop yields, ensuring self-sufficiency in food production and reducing reliance on imports.

Impact

• The HYVP played a critical role in India achieving food self-sufficiency, especially after the Green Revolution era.
• Contributed significantly to reducing malnutrition and poverty in rural areas by increasing rural incomes and employment opportunities.

All-India Coordinated Project on National Demonstration (1964)

Purpose and Objective:

• The National Demonstration Programme focused on increasing productivity per unit area and time by introducing and implementing proven agricultural technologies.
• The aim was to demonstrate effective and sustainable agricultural techniques and help farmers adopt these methods to improve productivity.

Key Features:

1. Launched by ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

1. • The project aimed to showcase modern farming technologies and techniques.

2. Coverage

1. • It focused on 100 districts across India.
   • Primarily implemented through State Agricultural Universities, ensuring a direct transfer of knowledge and technology to farmers.

3. Technology Transfer

1. • Demonstrated technologies for major food crops, such as rice, wheat, and other staple crops.
   • Highlighted modern farming practices that were scalable and replicable across various regions.

Impact

• Acted as a pilot project to promote technological dissemination, ensuring the adoption of improved farming practices.
• Enhanced knowledge transfer from research institutions to farmers, thereby increasing productivity and efficiency.

3. Operational Research Project (1974-75)

Purpose and Objective

• The Operational Research Project (ORP) aimed to test, adopt, and demonstrate new agricultural technologies on farmer’s fields in a collaborative village-based model.

Key Components of ORP:

1. Field-Based Technology Testing and Adoption

1. • New technologies were tested directly in whole villages or clusters of contiguous villages, ensuring practical implementation and assessment.

2. Profitability and Constraints Identification

1. • Aimed to evaluate the profitability of new farming technologies, ensuring their economic viability for farmers.
   • Identified socio-economic and technological constraints that prevented quick and widespread adoption.

3. Group Action for Popularization

1. • Demonstrated group action as a collaborative method to spread new technologies faster among farmers.
   • Encouraged collective efforts and teamwork to ensure shared knowledge and resources, boosting productivity.

Impact

• Acted as a bridge between research institutions and rural communities, ensuring that the latest agricultural technologies were effectively integrated into farming practices.
• Encouraged farmer cooperation and collective action, which became crucial in speeding up the dissemination of modern technologies across rural India.

Conclusion

• The National Demonstration Programme laid the foundation for showcasing effective agricultural technologies.
• The High-Yielding Variety Programme (HYVP) successfully made India self-sufficient in food production by combining crop varieties with modern inputs.
• The Operational Research Project (ORP) strengthened the relationship between research and farming communities, emphasizing collaboration, profitability, and technological advancement.

Together, these initiatives significantly transformed India’s agricultural landscape, ensuring higher productivity, food self-sufficiency, and improved rural livelihoods.