Cereal Crops

Barley Yellow Dwarf

• • Virus: Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV)
  • Vector: Aphids (e.g., Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi)
  • Symptoms:
    • Yellowing or reddening of leaf margins.
    • Stunted growth and reduced tillering.
    • Poor grain filling and low yields.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties and manage aphid populations.

Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV)
  • Vector: Wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella).
  • Symptoms:
    • Yellow streaks or mosaic patterns on leaves.
    • Severe stunting and poor grain quality.
  • Control: Early planting, destroying volunteer wheat, and mite control.

Maize Dwarf Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV)
  • Vector: Aphids (e.g., Green peach aphid).
  • Symptoms:
    • Mosaic or mottle on leaves.
    • Stunted growth and poor ear formation.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties and manage aphid vectors.

Vegetable Crops

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease

• • Virus: Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)
  • Vector: Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci).
  • Symptoms:
    • Yellowing, curling, and upward rolling of leaves.
    • Stunted growth and poor fruit set.
  • Control: Use virus-free seeds, resistant varieties, and whitefly management.

Cucumber Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
  • Vector: Aphids (non-persistent transmission).
  • Symptoms:
    • Mosaic patterns on leaves with yellowing and distortion.
    • Reduced fruit size and deformation.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties, control aphids, and rogue infected plants.

Potato Leaf Roll Disease

• • Virus: Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV)
  • Vector: Aphids (e.g., Green peach aphid).
  • Symptoms:
    • Rolling of leaf margins, chlorosis, and plant stunting.
    • Reduced tuber size and quality.
  • Control: Plant certified virus-free seed potatoes and control aphids.

Fruit Crops

Papaya Ringspot Disease

• • Virus: Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV)
  • Vector: Aphids (Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae).
  • Symptoms:
    • Circular ringspots on fruits.
    • Mosaic patterns on leaves, distortion, and plant stunting.
  • Control: Use tolerant varieties, aphid management, and avoid intercropping with cucurbits.

Banana Bunchy Top Disease

• • Virus: Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV)
  • Vector: Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa).
  • Symptoms:
    • Bunched appearance of young leaves.
    • Dark green streaks on leaf veins.
    • Stunted plants with no fruit production.
  • Control: Eradicate infected plants and control aphid populations.

Citrus Tristeza Disease

• • Virus: Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV)
  • Vector: Brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida).
  • Symptoms:
    • Yellowing and leaf drop.
    • Stem pitting and phloem collapse.
    • Decline of tree vigor and fruit yield.
  • Control: Use virus-free rootstocks and manage aphids.

Oilseed Crops

Groundnut Rosette Disease

• • Virus: Groundnut Rosette Virus (GRV)
  • Vector: Aphids (Aphis craccivora).
  • Symptoms:
    • Rosette-like clustering of leaves.
    • Chlorotic spots and stunted plants.
  • Control: Early planting and vector management.

Sunflower Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Sunflower Mosaic Virus
  • Symptoms:
    • Mosaic and chlorotic spots on leaves.
    • Reduced plant growth and seed yield.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties and practice crop rotation.

Leguminous Crops

Bean Common Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV)
  • Vector: Aphids (e.g., Green peach aphid).
  • Symptoms:
    • Mosaic and mottle on leaves, leaf curling, and plant stunting.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties and control aphids.

Soybean Mosaic Disease

• • Virus: Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV)
  • Vector: Aphids.
  • Symptoms:
    • Mosaic or mottling of leaves.
    • Stunted growth and reduced pod formation.
  • Control: Use certified seeds and manage aphids.

Fiber Crops

Cotton Leaf Curl Disease

• • Virus: Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV)
  • Vector: Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci).
  • Symptoms:
    • Curling, crumpling, and thickening of leaves.
    • Stunted plants and poor fiber yield.
  • Control: Use resistant varieties, control whiteflies, and practice clean cultivation.

Ornamental Crops

1. Chrysanthemum Stunt Disease
   • Virus: Chrysanthemum Stunt Virus (CSV)
   • Symptoms:
     • Reduced plant height and flowering.
     • Yellowing and stunted growth.
   • Control: Use virus-free plants and sterilized tools.
2. Rose Mosaic Disease
   • Virus: Rose Mosaic Virus
   • Symptoms:
     • Mosaic and yellowing patterns on leaves.
     • Reduced plant vigor and flowering.
   • Control: Avoid infected rootstocks and grafting.

Key Vectors and Their Role

• Aphids: Transmit most non-persistent and persistent viruses (e.g., PLRV, CMV, PRSV).
• Whiteflies: Transmit geminiviruses (e.g., TYLCV, CLCuV).
• Leafhoppers: Spread tungro and other persistent viruses (e.g., Rice Tungro Virus).
• Mites: Vector for diseases like Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus.
• Mechanical Transmission: Common for TMV and CMV via tools or human handling.

Here is a table summarizing plant diseases caused by viruses, with details on the virus, vector, symptoms, and control measures:

This table provides a structured and concise overview of key plant viral diseases, vectors, symptoms, and control strategies.