Course Content
Agricultural Microbiology
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Introduction to Microbiology
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic microbes
Bacteria: cell structure, chemoautotrophy, photo autotrophy, growth.
Bacterial genetics: Genetic recombination transformation, conjugation and transduction Plasmids, transposon
Role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production.
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Sulphur cycles
Biological nitrogen fixation- symbiotic, associative and asymbiotic
Azolla, blue green algae and mycorrhiza
Rhizosphere and phyllosphere
Microbes in human welfare
Silage production
Biofertilizers
Biopesticides
Biofuel production
Biodiesel
Biodegradation of agro-waste
Silage production
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
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Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation
Causes of soil erosion
Definition and agents of soil erosion
Water erosion: Forms of water erosion.
Gully classification and control measures
Soil loss estimation by universal Loss Soil Equation
Soil loss measurement techniques.
Principles of erosion control
Introduction to contouring, strip cropping
Contour bund. Graded bund and bench terracing
Grassed water ways and their design
Water harvesting and its techniques
Types of soil movement.
Wind erosion: mechanics of wind erosion
Principles of wind erosion and its control measures
Fundamentals of Crop Physiology
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Introduction to Crop Physiology and its Importance in Agriculture
Plant Cell: An Overview
Absorption of Water
Transpiration
Stomatal Physiology
Mineral nutrition of Plants
Functions and deficiency symptoms of nutrients
Nutrient uptake mechanisms
Photosynthesis: Light and Dark reactions
C3, C4 and CAM plants
Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain
Fat Metabolism: Fatty acid synthesis and Breakdown.
Plant growth regulators: Physiological roles and agricultural uses
Physiological aspects of growth and development of major crops:
Growth analysis
Role of Physiological growth parameters in crop productivity
Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics
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Meaning and Definition of Economics
Scope and Subject Matter of Economics
Nature of Economic Theory
Basic concepts of Economics
Agricultural economics: meaning, definition, characteristics of agriculture
Importance and its role in economic development
Agricultural planning and development in the country.
Fundamentals of Plant Pathology
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Importance of plant diseases
Scope and objectives of Plant Pathology
History of Plant Pathology
History of Plant Pathology in India
Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology
Key Concept of Plant Pathology
Pathogenesis. Causes / factors affecting disease development
Disease triangle and tetrahedron and Classification of plant diseases
Important plant pathogenic organisms
Different groups: fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria
Phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas
viruses
Disease Cause by Virus
Viroids, with examples of diseases caused by them
Algae with examples of diseases caused by them
Protozoa, Phanerogamic parasites examples of diseases caused by them
Diseases and symptoms by abiotic stress.
Fungi: general characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus,
Reproduction (asexual and sexual).
Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature
Classification of fungi
Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes
Bacteria and mollicutes: general morphological characters
Basic methods of classification and reproduction
Viruses: nature, structure, replication and transmission
Study of phanerogamic plant parasites and nematodes with examples of diseases caused by them
Nematodes: General morphology and reproduction
Classification, symptoms and nature of damage caused by plant nematodes (Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Anguina, Radopholus etc.)
Growth and reproduction of plant pathogens
Liberation / dispersal and survival of plant pathogens.
Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens
Liberation/ dispersal and survival of plant pathogens
Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens
Pathogenesis
Role of enzymes in disease development
Toxins in disease development
Role of Growth regulators in disease development.
Disease Resistance in Plants
Defense mechanism in plants
Epidemiology: Factors affecting disease development.
Principles of plant disease management
Methods of plant disease management
Nature, chemical combination, classification of fungicides and antibiotics
Mode of action and formulations of fungicides and antibiotics.
Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education
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Education: Meaning, definition & Types
Extension Education- meaning, definition, scope and process; objectives and principles of Extension Education
Extension Programme planning Meaning, Process, Principles and Steps in Programme Development.
Extension systems in India
extension efforts in pre-independence era (Sriniketan, Marthandam, Firka Development Scheme, Gurgaon Experiment, etc.
Post-independence era (Etawah Pilot Project, Nilokheri Experiment, etc.)
various extension/ agriculture development programmes launched by ICAR/ Govt. of India (IADP, IAAP, HYVP, IVLP, ORP, ND.
KVK, T&V, Lab to Land Programme, NATP, ATMA
New trends in agriculture extension: Privatization Extension
Cyber Extension / e-extension
Market-led extension, Farmer-led extension
Expert Systems
Rural Development: concept, meaning, definition; various rural development programmes launched by Govt. of India.
Community Dev.- meaning, definition, concept & principles, Philosophy of C.D.
Rural Leadership: concept and definition, types of leaders in rural context
Extension Administration: meaning and concept, principles and functions
Monitoring and evaluation: concept and definition, monitoring and evaluation of extension programmes
Transfer of technology: concept and models
Capacity building of extension personnel
Extension teaching methods: meaning, classification, individual, group and mass contact methods
ICT Applications in TOT (New and Social Media), media mix strategies
Communication: meaning and definition; Principles and Functions of Communication
Models and barriers to communication.
Agriculture journalism
Diffusion and adoption of innovation: concept and meaning, process and stages of adoption, adopter categories.
Fundamentals of Entomology
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History of Entomology in India
Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal kingdom
Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes
Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda
Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle
Morphology: Structure and functions of insect molting
Body segmentation
Structure of Head
Structure of thorax
Structure of Abdomen
B.Sc. Ag. II Semester
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