Definition of Motivation

• Derived from the word ‘motive’.
• Means the needs, desires, wants, or drives that stimulate individuals to take action to achieve goals.
• In an organizational context, motivation encourages employees to invest effort, work with dedication, and improve productivity.
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Psychological Factors that Drive Motivation

1. Desire for Money
2. Pursuit of Success
3. Desire for Recognition
4. Job Satisfaction
5. Teamwork

Three Stages of Motivation

1. A Felt Need or Drive: An internal requirement that arises in individuals.
2. Stimulus Stage: Needs are aroused by external/internal factors.
3. Satisfaction of Needs: Fulfillment of goals and accomplishment brings satisfaction.

Importance of Motivation in Organizations (Juneja, nd)

1. Optimal Utilization of Human Resources

• Motivation enables efficient use of human resources by encouraging employees to contribute fully to organizational goals.

2. Improved Employee Efficiency

• Bridging the gap between ability and willingness helps improve work performance.

3. Achievement of Organizational Goals

• Requires:
  • Full use of resources
  • A cooperative work environment
  • Coordination and goal-oriented actions

4. Building Strong Relationships

• Motivation fosters job satisfaction, loyalty, and cooperation among employees.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s model explains that motivation comes from satisfying a series of needs, structured in five levels:

1. Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs (food, shelter, clothing).
2. Safety Needs: Protection, job security, stability.
3. Social Needs: Relationships, friendship, belongingness.
4. Esteem Needs: Self-respect, recognition, respect from others.
5. Self-Actualization Needs: Highest-level needs (self-fulfillment, purpose, social service, meditation).

Types of Motivation

1. Intrinsic Motivation (Internal)

• Motivation originates within the individual.
• Driven by an internal desire to find satisfaction in the task itself.
• Examples: A passion for playing sports, a love for learning, self-improvement.
• Outcome: Higher engagement, better skill development, and long-term commitment.

2. Extrinsic Motivation (External)

• Comes from factors outside the individual.
• Often driven by external rewards (e.g., money, promotions) or pressures.
• Examples:
  • Bonuses, salary raises, competition, recognition from peers or the audience.
  • Often focused on tangible outcomes rather than personal satisfaction.

Difference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation