Headline structure in journalism

A headline is the most crucial part of any written or printed journalistic content. It serves not only to attract the reader but also to give an overview of what the content entails.

Types of Headlines:

• Banner / Multicolumn Headline / Streamer:
  • This is the main, bold headline across the top of the front page of a newspaper.
  • Usually spans all columns.
  • Written in all caps or a combination of capital and small letters.
  • Purpose: To highlight the most significant news of the day.
• Binder:
  • A smaller headline placed at the top of an inside page.
  • It helps bind the internal content and can act as a secondary headline.

LEADS IN NEWS WRITING

The lead (also spelled lede) is the introductory sentence or paragraph in a news article. It links the headline to the body and plays a key role in grabbing reader attention.

➤ Types of Leads:

1. Descriptive Lead: Paints a picture in the reader’s mind using vivid description. Effective in feature stories or human-interest articles.
2. Delayed Lead: Builds suspense or tension. The actual news point may come in the second or third paragraph.
3. Dialogue Lead: Begins with a direct quote or conversation. Adds immediacy and realism.
4. Staccato Lead: Uses short, rhythmic sentences. Often used in tragic or high-impact news stories for emotional effect.
5. Bullet Lead: Starts with a punchy, impactful sentence. Designed to quickly draw in the reader.

DEFAMATION IN JOURNALISM

Defamation refers to any statement that harms the reputation of an individual or organization.

• Libel: Defamation in written or printed form.
• Slander: Defamation spoken orally.

Journalists must adhere to ethical practices and fact-check information to avoid legal consequences.

COMMON TERMS USED IN PUBLICATION & JOURNALISM

• Bleed: In printing, it refers to the images or text extending beyond the trim edge of the page. Common in brochures or glossy magazines.
• Blurb: A short promotional paragraph. Often used on book covers or advertisements to entice readers.
• Embargo: A restriction on publishing a news story before a specified date or time.
• Masthead: Appears on the editorial page, giving details about the publication—like ownership, editorial team, and address.
• Puff: Promotional content often seen as exaggerated or overly flattering, typically not considered real journalism.
• Scoop: An exclusive news story, especially one published before other media outlets.

📌 EVOLUTION OF THE PRESS IN INDIA

The development of journalism in India played a significant role in the freedom struggle, social reforms, and public awareness.

➤ Key Milestones:

• The Bengal Gazette (1780): Also called Hicky’s Gazette. First printed newspaper in India by James Augustus Hicky.
• James Silk Buckingham: Launched Calcutta Journal (1818). Considered a pioneer of Indian journalism.
• Raja Rammohan Roy: Known as the father of Indian journalism. Published Sambad Kaumudi in Bengali (1821) advocating social reforms.
• Dig Darshan: The first Indian language periodical, also in Bengali.
• Mahatma Gandhi’s Publications (1933): Harijan (English), Harijanbandhu (Gujarati), Harijansevak (Hindi). Used journalism as a tool for social and political awakening.

📌 IMPORTANT NEWSPAPERS & THEIR ORIGINS IN INDIA