Origin of Crops

Cereals:

1. Rice (Oryza sativa) – Indo-Burma (Indo-Myanmar) / South West Asia
2. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) – South West Asia
3. Maize (Corn) (Zea mays) – Mexico
4. Jowar (Sorghum) (Sorghum bicolor) – Ethiopia & Sudan (Africa)
5. Bajra (Pearl Millet) (Pennisetum glaucum) – Africa
6. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) – Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
7. Ragi (Finger Millet) (Eleusine coracana) – Africa (Ethiopia/Uganda)
8. Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) – China
9. Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) – Africa
10. Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa crus-galli) – India

Pulses:

1. Gram (Chickpea) (Cicer arietinum) – South West Asia
2. Field Pea (Pisum sativum) – South West Asia
3. Arhar (Pigeon Pea) (Cajanus cajan) – Africa
4. Mung/Urd (Green Gram/Black Gram) (Vigna radiata / Vigna mungo) – India
5. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – Africa
6. Soybean (Glycine max) – China
7. Lentil (Lens culinaris) – Mediterranean Region
8. Lathyrus (Khesari Dal) (Lathyrus sativus) – Mediterranean Region

Oilseeds:

1. Groundnut (Peanut) (Arachis hypogaea) – South America
2. Sesame (Til) (Sesamum indicum) – Africa
3. Castor (Ricinus communis) – Africa
4. Rai (Black Mustard) (Brassica nigra) – South West Asia
5. Rapeseed (Yellow Mustard) (Brassica rapa) – Europe & Asia
6. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) – North America
7. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) – South Asia (India)
8. Linseed (Flaxseed) (Linum usitatissimum) – Mediterranean Region
9. Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) – Africa

Fiber Crops:

1. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) – India & America
2. Jute
   • Corchorus olitorius – Africa
   • Corchorus capsularis – India
3. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) – Central Asia

Sugar and Starch Crops:

1. Sugarcane
   • Tropical Cane (Saccharum officinarum) – New Guinea
   • Indian Cane (Saccharum spontaneum) (Kans) – India
2. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) – Europe
3. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) – South America (Peru)
4. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) – Central America
5. Tapioca (Cassava) (Manihot esculenta) – South America (Brazil)
6. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) – Africa & Asia
7. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) – South America

Beverage Crops:

1. Tea (Camellia sinensis) – China
2. Coffee (Coffea arabica) – Ethiopia
3. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) – South America (Amazon Rainforest)
4. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) – South America

Spices & Condiments:

1. Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) – India (Western Ghats)
2. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) – India
3. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum) – South America
4. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) – South East Asia
5. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) – Mediterranean Region
6. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) – Mediterranean Region
7. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) – Mediterranean Region

Fruits:

1. Apple (Malus domestica) – Central Asia
2. Mango (Mangifera indica) – India
3. Banana (Musa spp.) – South East Asia
4. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) – South America
5. Guava (Psidium guajava) – Central America
6. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) – Iran & Northern India
7. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) – South East Asia
8. Papaya (Carica papaya) – South America
9. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) – Mediterranean Region
10. Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime) – South East Asia

Other Important Crops:

• Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) – America