Cattle
- Group: Herd
- Adult Male: Bull
- Young Female: Heifer Calf
- Meat: Beef
- Castrated Male: Bullock or Steer
- Mating: Service
- Parturition: Calving
- Sound: Bellowing
- Body Temperature: 38.5°C / 101°F
- Estrous Cycle: 21 days
- Heat Duration: 18 hours
- Gestation: 282 days
Buffalo
- Group: Herd
- Adult Male: Buffalo Bull
- Young Female: Heifer Calf
- Meat: Buffin
- Castrated Male: Bullock
- Mating: Service
- Parturition: Calving
- Sound: Bellowing
- Body Temperature: 37.5°C / 100°F
- Estrous Cycle: 21 days
- Heat Duration: 24 hours
- Gestation: 310 days
Goat
- Group: Flock or Trip
- Adult Male: Buck
- Adult Female: Doe
- Young Female: Female Kid
- Meat: Chevon
- Castrated Male: Wether
- Mating: Service
- Parturition: Kidding
- Sound: Bleat
- Body Temperature: 39.1°C / 102.5°F
- Estrous Cycle: 20 days
- Heat Duration: 2–3 days
- Gestation: 150 days
Sheep
- Group: Flock
- Adult Male: Ram
- Adult Female: Ewe / Dam
- Young Female: Female Lamb
- Meat: Mutton
- Castrated Male: Wether
- Mating: Tupping
- Parturition: Lambing
- Sound: Bleating
- Body Temperature: 39°C / 102°F
- Estrous Cycle: 15–18 days
- Heat Duration: 1–3 days
- Gestation: 148 days
Pig
- Group: Drove or Herd
- Adult Male: Boar
- Adult Female: Sow
- Young Female: Female Piglet
- Meat: Pork
- Castrated Male: Hog / Stag
- Mating: Coupling
- Parturition: Farrowing
- Body Temperature: 39.1°C / 102.5°F
- Estrous Cycle: 21 days
- Heat Duration: 1–5 days
- Gestation: 114 days
Poultry
- Group: Flock
- Adult Male: Cock
- Adult Female: Hen
- Young Female: Pullet
- Meat: Chicken
- Castrated Male: Capon
- Mating: Service
- Parturition: Hatching
- Body Temperature: 41.7°C / 105–107°F
Key Livestock Terminologies
Term | Meaning |
Pasteurization | Heating milk to kill pathogens. |
LTLT | 61–63°C for 30 min |
HTST | 71–76°C for 15 sec |
UHT | 148–149°C for <5 sec |
Lactation Period | From birth of young to next pregnancy |
Artificial Insemination (AI) | Semen from selected bull introduced into female. Semen stored at -196°C in liquid nitrogen |
Dehorning | Removal of horns (Chemical, Mechanical, Electrical) |
Disbudding | Arresting horn growth at bud stage |
Castration | Removal of testicles/ovaries (Burdizzo’s castrator used) |
Bedding/Litter | Material to keep animals clean and dry |
Culling | Removing diseased animals |
Casting | Restraining animals on ground |
Docking | Tail removal (usually in sheep) |
Mohair | Hair from Angora goat |
Pashmina | Undercoat of Kashmiri goats |
