Global Floriculture & Flower Trade Highlights (2023–2025)

• Top Exporter of Cut Flowers: Netherlands continues leading with around 52–60% of global cut‑flower trade, centered in Aalsmeer
• Major Cut‑Flower Exporters (2023): Netherlands (~52%), followed by Colombia (~15%) and Ecuador, with strong recent growth from Kenya and Ethiopia
• Leading Importers of Cut Flowers (2021–2023): United States (~21%), Germany (~15%), UK, Netherlands, Russia, France

Key International Centres & Associations

• Aalsmeer, Netherlands: World’s largest cut‑flower auction and trading hub Royal FloraHolland: Major global flower cooperative and marketplace based in Aalsmeer
• International Flower Associations:
  • Cut-flower growers: based in USA
  • Horticultural science society: Belgium
  • Rose registration: USA
  • Bougainvillea registration: New Delhi

• Largest Global Producers/Consumers:
  • Foliage plant: Dieffenbachia
  • Cut flower: Rose
  • Pot plant: Hedera
  • Dried ornamental: Helichrysum
  • Cut greens: Asparagus

Flower Market Metrics

• Total global floriculture area: ~2.5 million ha
• Greenhouse floriculture: ~60,000 ha globally
• Annual global trade: ~US $20 billion
• India’s global trade share: ~0.6%

• India’s Domestic Floriculture:
  • Cultivated area: ~100,000 ha
  • Leading state by area: Karnataka; by production: Tamil Nadu
  • Top export destination: USA (~27%)
  • Dry‑flower export share: ~60%
  • Highest cut‑flower production: West Bengal
  • Jasmine: largest flower-crop area in India

Top Bulb & Loose-Flower Players

• Bulbous plant producer: Netherlands
• Bulbous plant importer: USA
• Loose-flower leader: India (largest producer globally)

Regional Niches

• Flower capital: California, USA
• Foliage capital: Apopka, Florida, USA
• Leading computing countries in per capita cut-flower consumption:
  • Switzerland, Norway
  • Live-plant consumption: Norway, Germany

Ornamental & Landscape Developments

• IIHR ornamental division: since 1969
• IARI floriculture & landscapting division: since 1983
• First AICRP on floriculture: 1971
• Trap crop for red pumpkin beetle control: Bold mustard (25:1 ratio)
• Global CO₂ enrichment optimum: 800–1,200 ppm in greenhouses
• Chrysanthemum: photoperiodic, controlled flowering
• “Phenology”: study of flower emergence timing

Did You Know?

• Hogarth’s ‘Line of Beauty’ is a classic horticultural design principle
• Largest formal garden: Vrindavan Garden, Mysore
• “Heaven of Man”: nickname for Italian Garden
• Stevia: emerging as a “wonder plant” sweetener
• Noted horticulture reads:
  • Beautiful Gardens, Garden Through Ages (M.S. Randhawa)
  • Garden Flowers (Vishnu Swarup)
  • Complete Gardening in India (Hoseli Press)
  • Introductory Ornamental Horticulture (Arora)

What’s Updated?

• Dutch export share corrected: 52–60%, not 57%.
• Cut‑flower market size updated to current 2024/25 figures.
• Importer shares include updated data through 2023.
• Global greenhouse area and floriculture totals remain stable.
• India’s domestic and export statistics confirmed.

Famous Gardens in India

National Flowers of Different Countries

Sacred and Culturally Significant Trees in India