Global Floriculture & Flower Trade Highlights (2023–2025)
- Top Exporter of Cut Flowers: Netherlands continues leading with around 52–60% of global cut‑flower trade, centered in Aalsmeer
- Major Cut‑Flower Exporters (2023): Netherlands (~52%), followed by Colombia (~15%) and Ecuador, with strong recent growth from Kenya and Ethiopia
- Leading Importers of Cut Flowers (2021–2023): United States (~21%), Germany (~15%), UK, Netherlands, Russia, France
Key International Centres & Associations
- Aalsmeer, Netherlands: World’s largest cut‑flower auction and trading hub Royal FloraHolland: Major global flower cooperative and marketplace based in Aalsmeer
- International Flower Associations:
- Cut-flower growers: based in USA
- Horticultural science society: Belgium
- Rose registration: USA
- Bougainvillea registration: New Delhi
- Largest Global Producers/Consumers:
- Foliage plant: Dieffenbachia
- Cut flower: Rose
- Pot plant: Hedera
- Dried ornamental: Helichrysum
- Cut greens: Asparagus
Flower Market Metrics
- Total global floriculture area: ~2.5 million ha
- Greenhouse floriculture: ~60,000 ha globally
- Annual global trade: ~US $20 billion
- India’s global trade share: ~0.6%
- India’s Domestic Floriculture:
- Cultivated area: ~100,000 ha
- Leading state by area: Karnataka; by production: Tamil Nadu
- Top export destination: USA (~27%)
- Dry‑flower export share: ~60%
- Highest cut‑flower production: West Bengal
- Jasmine: largest flower-crop area in India
Top Bulb & Loose-Flower Players
- Bulbous plant producer: Netherlands
- Bulbous plant importer: USA
- Loose-flower leader: India (largest producer globally)
Regional Niches
- Flower capital: California, USA
- Foliage capital: Apopka, Florida, USA
- Leading computing countries in per capita cut-flower consumption:
- Switzerland, Norway
- Live-plant consumption: Norway, Germany
Ornamental & Landscape Developments
- IIHR ornamental division: since 1969
- IARI floriculture & landscapting division: since 1983
- First AICRP on floriculture: 1971
- Trap crop for red pumpkin beetle control: Bold mustard (25:1 ratio)
- Global CO₂ enrichment optimum: 800–1,200 ppm in greenhouses
- Chrysanthemum: photoperiodic, controlled flowering
- “Phenology”: study of flower emergence timing
Did You Know?
- Hogarth’s ‘Line of Beauty’ is a classic horticultural design principle
- Largest formal garden: Vrindavan Garden, Mysore
- “Heaven of Man”: nickname for Italian Garden
- Stevia: emerging as a “wonder plant” sweetener
- Noted horticulture reads:
- Beautiful Gardens, Garden Through Ages (M.S. Randhawa)
- Garden Flowers (Vishnu Swarup)
- Complete Gardening in India (Hoseli Press)
- Introductory Ornamental Horticulture (Arora)
What’s Updated?
- Dutch export share corrected: 52–60%, not 57%.
- Cut‑flower market size updated to current 2024/25 figures.
- Importer shares include updated data through 2023.
- Global greenhouse area and floriculture totals remain stable.
- India’s domestic and export statistics confirmed.
Famous Gardens in India
S.No. | Garden Name | Location | Remarks |
1 | Lalbagh | Bangalore, Karnataka | Famous for Floral Clock (Free Style) |
2 | Brindavan Garden | Mysore, Karnataka | Biggest Formal Garden in India |
5 | Indian Botanical Garden | Sibpur, Kolkata, West Bengal | One of the oldest botanical gardens |
6 | Lloyd Botanical Garden | Darjeeling, West Bengal | Himalayan flora collection |
7 | National Botanical Garden | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh | Formerly Sikandar Bagh |
8 | Rashtrapati Bhavan Garden (Mughal Garden) | New Delhi | Presidential estate gardens |
9 | Buddha Jayanti Park | New Delhi | Peaceful garden with Buddha statue |
10 | Mughal Garden (Pinjore) | Haryana | Historic 17th-century garden |
11 | Rose Garden | Chandigarh, Punjab | Largest Rose Garden in Asia |
12 | Mandore Garden | Jodhpur, Rajasthan | Cenotaphs and temples |
15 | Botanical Garden, FRI | Dehradun, Uttarakhand | Under Forest Research Institute |
16 | Botanic Garden | Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu | Rich biodiversity |
18 | Tulip Garden | Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir | Asia’s Largest Tulip Garden |
National Flowers of Different Countries
Country | National Flower |
India, Egypt | Lotus |
England, Iran, Maldives, Laos, Bulgaria, Turkey, USA | Rose |
China | Narcissus |
Japan | Chrysanthemum |
Netherlands | Tulip |
Italy, Canada | Lily |
Germany | Corn Flower |
Spain | Carnation |
USA | Golden Rose |
Pakistan | Crescent, Jasmine |
Bangladesh | Water Lily |
Belgium, Italy | Poppy |
Denmark | Clover |
Portugal | Lavender |
Mexico | Dahlia |
Malaysia | Hibiscus |
Sacred and Culturally Significant Trees in India
Tree | Associated Deity / Belief |
Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba) | Associated with Lord Krishna |
Semal (Bombax ceiba) | Associated with Lord Shiva |
Bauhinia (Kachnar) | Associated with Goddess Saraswati |
Amaranthus | Associated with Goddess Kali |
Yellow Amaltas (Cassia fistula) | Symbol of prosperity in trade |
Ashoka, Sal, Palash Trees | Associated with Lord Buddha |
