• Contributions of Agricultural Experts:

• Dr. M. S. Swaminathan:
  • Father of the Green Revolution in India: His work on wheat breeding helped India overcome food scarcity, marking the beginning of the Green Revolution.
  • He received the World Food Prize (1987) for his contributions to the Green Revolution.
  • His book “Wheat Revolution” outlines the importance of modern farming techniques.
  • He was instrumental in shaping India’s National Commission on Farmers.

• Dr. N. E. Borlaug:
  • Father of the Green Revolution worldwide: His work in developing high-yielding wheat varieties helped revolutionize global agriculture.
  • Nobel Peace Prize (1970): For his efforts in increasing food production in developing countries.

• Verghese Kurien:
  • Father of the White Revolution in India: He led India’s dairy industry to self-sufficiency with the creation of Operation Flood.
  • He was the Chairman of NDDB and received the World Food Prize in 1989.

• S. K. Vashal:
  • Maize breeder at CIMMYT.
  • Awarded the World Food Prize (2000) for developing QPM (Quality Protein Maize).

• Dr. K. L. Chadda:
  • Father of the Golden Revolution in India, contributing to the development of the fruit industry, particularly in horticulture.

• Dr. G. S. Khush:
  • Rice breeder who made extraordinary contributions to plant breeding, especially in rice.
  • Awarded the Wolf Prize for Agriculture (2000) for his work.

2. Agricultural Revolutions and Their Impact:

• Green Revolution (1960s-1970s): The Green Revolution was a period of significant productivity gains in crops like wheat and rice. Key components included high-yielding varieties (HYVs), the increased use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. It helped countries like India overcome food shortages and reduced hunger, but also raised concerns about sustainability.
• Ever Green Revolution: Coined by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, this revolution emphasizes sustainable agriculture methods. It seeks to combine the high productivity of the Green Revolution with environmentally friendly practices and conservation.
• Vertical Revolution: This revolution focused on increasing production per unit of land and time, employing intensive cropping systems, high-input agriculture, and efficient crop management practices.

Revolution and Associated Person

1. Green Revolution: Dr. M. S. Swaminathan and Dr. N. E. Borlaug
   • Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is considered the Father of the Green Revolution in India for his work in wheat breeding, which led to significant improvements in food production.
   • Dr. N. E. Borlaug, the Father of the Green Revolution globally, developed high-yielding wheat varieties, leading to major advances in food production, particularly in developing countries.

2. White Revolution: Verghese Kurien. Known as the Father of the White Revolution in India, Kurien led the development of India’s dairy industry, transforming the country into the largest producer of milk through Operation Flood.

3. Blue Revolution: Related Person: Dr. Hiralal Chaudhuri and Dr. Sushil S. Purohit. The Blue Revolution focused on increasing fish production, and these pioneers contributed significantly to the development of aquaculture practices and the growth of the fishery industry.

4. Yellow Revolution: Related Person: Dr. D. S. R. Murthy and Dr. K. K. Srivastava. The Yellow Revolution, which focused on increasing oilseed production (especially mustard), was boosted by the contributions of experts like Dr. D. S. R. Murthy and Dr. K. K. Srivastava in breeding higher-yielding oilseed varieties.

5. Golden Revolution: Related Person: Dr. K. L. Chadda. Known as the Father of the Golden Revolution in India, Dr. Chadda played a critical role in enhancing fruit production, particularly in developing varieties of fruits like apples and mangoes.

6. Brown Revolution: Related Person: Dr. R. R. Bapat. The Brown Revolution refers to food processing, and Dr. Bapat’s work in improving the processing of various agricultural products has been vital in enhancing the shelf life and value-added processes of food.

7. Silver Revolution: Related Person: Dr. C. B. S. Reddy. The Silver Revolution revolved around the growth of the poultry industry and egg production. Dr. C. B. S. Reddy’s contributions in advancing poultry farming and egg production techniques have been vital to the revolution.

8. Pink Revolution: Related Person: Dr. A. K. Mehta. The Pink Revolution, which pertains to the prawn and onion industry, gained traction due to Dr. Mehta’s work in improving prawn farming and onion production methods.

9. Black Revolution: Related Person: Dr. R. S. Paroda. The Black Revolution refers to biofuel production, particularly from Jatropha. Dr. R. S. Paroda contributed significantly to research on biofuels and the potential of crops like Jatropha for producing sustainable energy.

10. Rainbow Revolution: Related Person: Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. Dr. Swaminathan also coined the term Rainbow Revolution, which focuses on the integration of all sectors of agriculture, including crop production, animal husbandry, horticulture, and fisheries. It aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to improving food security and nutrition.

11. Prabhani Revolution: Related Person: Dr. S. R. S. Verma. This revolution focused on the production of okra (ladyfinger), with Dr. S. R. S. Verma making important contributions to improving okra farming techniques, ensuring better yields and quality.

Genetically Modified (GM) Crops:

• Bt. Cotton: Bt. Cotton was developed to combat bollworms, with the help of a Cry-lAc gene, making it resistant to pests and improving cotton yields. It is the first GM crop allowed in India in 2002.
• Golden Rice: A genetically modified rice variety rich in β-carotene (Vitamin A precursor), aimed at combating Vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
• Super Rice and Super Wheat: Research on Super Rice and Super Wheat aims to significantly increase yields and nutritional content, improving food security in Asia and other parts of the world.