Botanical Names of Important Crops

General Agriculture for Competitive Exams for TGT, PGT, TA, STA, IBPS AFO, etc.

Kharif Crops:

Kharif crops are grown during the monsoon season in India, typically from June to September. Some key Kharif crops include:

Rabi Crops:

Rabi crops are sown in winter (around October-November) and harvested in spring (around March-April). Common rabi crops include:

Botanical Names of Important Crops:

Cereal crops are primarily cultivated for their seeds, which are rich in carbohydrates and protein. Examples include:

Rice: Oryza sativa
Wheat: Triticum aestivum
Maize: Zea mays
Sorghum (Jowar): Sorghum bicolor
Bajra (Pearl millet): Pennisetum typhoides
Barley: Hordeum vulgare
Ragi (Finger millet): Eleusine coracana – known for being beneficial for diabetes patients.
Cheena (Proso millet): Panicum miliaceum
Barnyard millet (Sawan): Echinochloa frumentacea
Kodo millet: Paspalum scrobiculatum – also known as “Coarsest Arikalu.”

Pulse Crops:

Pulses are rich in proteins and are commonly grown in rotation with cereals to enhance soil fertility due to their nitrogen-fixing properties:

Oilseed Crops:

Oilseed crops are grown for their oil-rich seeds, which are an important source of edible oils:

Fibre Crops:

Fibre crops are used for producing textiles, ropes, and other products:

Cotton: Gossypium spp.
Jute: Corchorus capsularis (White Jute) and Corchorus olitorius (Tossa Jute)
Sunhemp (Banaras Hemp): Crotalaria juncea
Mesta: Hibiscus spp.

Forage Crops:

Forage crops are grown primarily to feed livestock:

Sugar Crops:

Sugar crops are cultivated for the extraction of sugar:

Root and Tuber Crops:

These crops are starchy and are an important part of diets globally:

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