Meat, Egg & Fish Technology

1. Meat science deals with production, processing, and preservation of meat.
2. Abattoir means
3. Dressing percentage of cattle – 50–55%.
4. Dressing percentage of sheep/goat – 45–50%.
5. Dressing percentage of pig – 70–80%.
6. Broiler chicken dressing percentage – 70%.
7. ICAR–CIRCOT deals with carcass utilization and meat research.
8. Meat colour is mainly due to
9. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of muscles after death.
10. Aging of meat improves tenderness and flavour.
11. Freezing preserves meat at –18°C.
12. Canning is done at 115°C for 75 minutes.
13. Egg shell consists mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
14. Yolk index indicates freshness of egg.
15. Haugh unit measures egg quality.
16. Albumen constitutes about 60% of egg weight.
17. Yolk contains fat, vitamins, and pigments.
18. ICAR-CARI (Central Avian Research Institute) is located at Izatnagar, Bareilly.
19. Fish meal is an excellent source of protein (60–70%).
20. ICAR-CIFE (Central Institute of Fisheries Education) is located at

Wool, Fibre, and By-products

1. Wool fibre is composed of keratin protein.
2. Wool length is known as staple length.
3. Fineness of wool is measured in
4. Grease wool is the unwashed wool with natural oils and dirt.
5. Scouring is the process of washing wool.
6. Carding aligns wool fibres before spinning.
7. Pashmina wool is obtained from Changthangi goats (Ladakh).
8. Mohair comes from Angora goats.
9. Cashmere is derived from Kashmir goats.
10. Camel hair is used in blankets and carpets.
11. Alpaca and llama wool are exotic fine fibres.
12. Shearing is usually done once a year (March–April).
13. Lanolin (wool grease) is used in cosmetics and ointments.
14. Hides are obtained from large animals, skins from small animals.
15. Tanning converts raw hide into
16. Bone meal is used as fertilizer and feed supplement.
17. Blood meal is a high-protein feed (80–85% protein).
18. Horn and hooves are used in buttons, glue, and ornaments.
19. Gelatin is extracted from collagen of skin and bones.
20. ICAR–CSWRI (Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute) is located at Avikanagar, Rajasthan.

Livestock Census & Data

1. Livestock Census in India is conducted every 5 years.
2. The 20th Livestock Census (2019) recorded 78 million animals.
3. Cattle population – 49 million (2019 Census).
4. Buffalo population – 85 million.
5. Goat population – 88 million.
6. Sheep population – 26 million.
7. Pig population – 06 million.
8. Poultry population – 81 million.
9. Rajasthan has the largest livestock population.
10. West Bengal has the largest goat population.
11. Telangana ranks 1st in sheep population.
12. Uttar Pradesh ranks 1st in buffalo population.
13. Madhya Pradesh ranks 1st in cattle population.
14. Goa has the lowest livestock population.
15. Livestock contributes about 25% to India’s agricultural GDP.

Breeding, Genetics & Improvement

1. Crossbreeding aims to combine high yield and adaptability.
2. Grading up improves non-descript stock using purebred sires.
3. Inbreeding coefficient was given by Sewall Wright.
4. BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) is used for genetic evaluation.
5. Heritability measures genetic transmission of traits.
6. Progeny testing evaluates bull performance.
7. MOET (Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer) enhances female reproduction.
8. Sexed semen technology helps increase female calf ratio.
9. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) improves accuracy of breeding.
10. Cloning produces genetically identical individuals.
11. Dolly, the first cloned sheep, was born in 1996 (UK).
12. Gaurav was India’s first cloned buffalo (2009, Karnal).**
13. Somanth, the first cloned bull calf, was born at NDRI (2010).
14. Embryo transfer increases genetic gain rate.
15. Culling is the removal of undesirable animals from the herd.

Feeds, Fodder, & Pasture

1. India has about 12% of the world’s cattle but only 2% of its feed resources.
2. Green fodder includes berseem, maize, sorghum, and napier.
3. Dry fodder includes straw and hay.
4. Leguminous fodders improve soil fertility via nitrogen fixation.
5. Silage pit must be airtight and shaded.
6. Berseem is called the “King of Fodders.”
7. Napier bajra hybrid is a high-yielding perennial fodder.
8. Fodder conservation ensures feed availability in lean season.
9. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is feed consumed per unit gain.
10. Balanced ration provides all nutrients in right proportion and quantity.