Poultry Science

1. The scientific name of chicken is Gallus gallus domesticus.
2. India ranks 3rd in egg production
3. White Leghorn is the best egg-laying breed.
4. Rhode Island Red is a dual-purpose breed.
5. New Hampshire is known for early maturity.
6. Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose breed.
7. Cornish is used for broiler production.
8. Kadaknath is an indigenous black meat breed.
9. Aseel is known for fighting ability and hardiness.
10. Vencobb is a commercial broiler strain.
11. Shaver Starcross is a commercial layer breed.
12. Deep Litter System uses sawdust or straw bedding on floor.
13. Battery Cage System is used for intensive egg production.

Feeds & Nutrition

1. Roughages contain more than 18% crude fibre.
2. Concentrates contain less than 18% crude fibre.
3. Fodder is a cultivated crop used for livestock feeding.
4. Silage is fermented green fodder.
5. Hay is sun-dried green fodder.
6. Maize silage is known as the “King of Silages.”
7. Lignin reduces the digestibility of roughage.
8. Molasses is used as a palatability enhancer.
9. Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) provides nitrogen and minerals.
10. Bypass protein escapes rumen degradation.

Reproduction & Management

1. Gestation period of cow – 280 days.
2. Gestation period of buffalo – 310 days.
3. Gestation period of sheep/goat – 150 days.
4. Gestation period of sow (pig) – 114 days.
5. Gestation period of mare – 335 days.
6. Artificial Insemination (AI) in India started in
7. Estrus cycle in cow is 21 days.
8. Oestrus period lasts for 18–24 hours.
9. Colostrum should be given within first 2 hours of birth.
10. Deworming prevents internal parasitic infection.

Major Livestock Diseases

1. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) affects cattle, sheep, and pigs – caused by a virus.
2. FMD virus belongs to the Picornaviridae family.
3. Rinderpest is also called Cattle Plague – caused by a virus.
4. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis (bacteria).
5. Black Quarter (BQ) or Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei.
6. Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is caused by Pasteurella multocida.
7. Brucellosis (Bang’s disease) causes abortion in cattle.
8. Mastitis is inflammation of the udder or mammary gland.
9. Milk fever occurs due to calcium deficiency after calving.
10. Ketosis is caused by carbohydrate deficiency in high-yielding cows.
11. Anthrax spore can remain viable in soil for 50 years.
12. Johne’s disease is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
13. Leptospirosis spreads through urine-contaminated water.
14. Theileriosis and Babesiosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases.
15. Trypanosomiasis (Surra) is transmitted by Tabanid flies.
16. Haemorrhagic Septicemia mostly occurs before monsoon.
17. Lumpy Skin Disease is caused by Capripox virus.
18. Rabies is caused by a Lyssavirus affecting all warm-blooded animals.
19. Bluetongue affects sheep and is transmitted by Culicoides midges.
20. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) affects sheep and goats.

Vaccination Schedule

1. FMD vaccination – Twice a year (every 6 months).
2. HS vaccination – Before monsoon (once a year).
3. BQ vaccination – Before monsoon (once a year).
4. Brucellosis vaccination – At 4–8 months (female calves only).
5. PPR vaccine – Once in 3 years.
6. Sheep pox vaccine – Once a year.
7. Rabies vaccine – Immediately after bite + booster annually.
8. Goat pox vaccine – Once in 2 years.
9. Swine fever vaccine – Once in a year.
10. Anthrax vaccine – Before monsoon annually.