Centers of origin, distribution and wild relatives for different Vegetable and Horticultural crops
Vegetable Crops
|
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Botanical Name |
Centre of Origin |
Chromosome Number |
Distribution of Species |
Wild Relatives |
|
1 |
Tomato |
Solanum lycopersicum |
Peru, Ecuador |
2n=24 |
USA, China, India, Turkey, Egypt |
S. pimpinellifolium, S. peruvianum |
|
2 |
Potato |
Solanum tuberosum |
Peru, Bolivia |
2n=48 |
China, India, Russia, Ukraine, USA |
S. andigenum, S. chacoense |
|
3 |
Brinjal (Eggplant) |
Solanum melongena |
India, China |
2n=24 |
China, India, Iran, Turkey, Japan |
S. incanum, S. linnaeanum |
|
4 |
Okra |
Abelmoschus esculentus |
Africa (Ethiopia) |
2n=130 |
India, Nigeria, Sudan, Iraq, Pakistan |
A. ficulneus, A. manihot |
|
5 |
Cabbage |
Brassica oleracea |
Mediterranean |
2n=18 |
China, India, Russia, Japan, South Korea |
B. cretica, B. insularis |
|
6 |
Cauliflower |
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis |
Mediterranean |
2n=18 |
China, India, Italy, France, Spain |
B. cretica, B. villosa |
|
7 |
Carrot |
Daucus carota |
Afghanistan, Iran |
2n=18 |
China, Russia, USA, Iran, Mexico |
D. carota ssp. carota, D. azoricus |
|
8 |
Peas |
Pisum sativum |
Mediterranean, Central Asia |
2n=14 |
China, India, Russia, USA, France |
P. elatius, P. abyssinicum |
|
9 |
Spinach |
Spinacia oleracea |
Persia (Iran) |
2n=12 |
China, USA, Turkey, Japan, Iran |
S. tetrandra, S. turkestanica |
|
10 |
Pumpkin |
Cucurbita pepo |
Mexico, Central America |
2n=40 |
China, India, Ukraine, Russia, USA |
C. texana, C. fraterna |
Horticultural Crops (Fruits and Nuts)
|
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Botanical Name |
Centre of Origin |
Chromosome Number |
Distribution of Species |
Wild Relatives |
|
1 |
Mango |
Mangifera indica |
South Asia (India, Myanmar) |
2n=40 |
India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico |
M. sylvatica, M. zeylanica |
|
2 |
Banana |
Musa spp. |
South-East Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia) |
2n=22, 33, 44 |
India, China, Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia |
M. acuminata, M. balbisiana |
|
3 |
Apple |
Malus domestica |
Central Asia (Kazakhstan) |
2n=34 |
China, USA, Poland, India, Iran |
M. sieversii, M. sylvestris |
|
4 |
Grapes |
Vitis vinifera |
Near East (Caucasus) |
2n=38 |
China, Italy, USA, Spain, Turkey |
V. labrusca, V. amurensis |
|
5 |
Orange |
Citrus sinensis |
South-East Asia |
2n=18 |
Brazil, USA, China, India, Mexico |
C. reticulata, C. maxima |
|
6 |
Pineapple |
Ananas comosus |
South America (Brazil, Paraguay) |
2n=50 |
Thailand, Philippines, India, Indonesia, Nigeria |
A. bracteatus, A. lucidus |
|
7 |
Papaya |
Carica papaya |
Tropical America (Mexico) |
2n=18 |
India, Brazil, Nigeria, Indonesia, Mexico |
C. cauliflora, C. goudotiana |
|
8 |
Coconut |
Cocos nucifera |
South-East Asia (Indonesia, Philippines) |
2n=32 |
Indonesia, Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Brazil |
C. weddelliana |
|
9 |
Almond |
Prunus dulcis |
Central Asia (Iran) |
2n=16 |
USA, Spain, Iran, Morocco, Italy |
P. webbii, P. scoparia |
|
10 |
Pomegranate |
Punica granatum |
Iran to Northern India |
2n=16 |
India, Iran, China, USA, Turkey |
P. protopunica |
