Centers of origin, distribution and wild relatives for different Vegetable and Horticultural crops
Vegetable Crops
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | Peru, Ecuador | 2n=24 | USA, China, India, Turkey, Egypt | S. pimpinellifolium, S. peruvianum |
2 | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | Peru, Bolivia | 2n=48 | China, India, Russia, Ukraine, USA | S. andigenum, S. chacoense |
3 | Brinjal (Eggplant) | Solanum melongena | India, China | 2n=24 | China, India, Iran, Turkey, Japan | S. incanum, S. linnaeanum |
4 | Okra | Abelmoschus esculentus | Africa (Ethiopia) | 2n=130 | India, Nigeria, Sudan, Iraq, Pakistan | A. ficulneus, A. manihot |
5 | Cabbage | Brassica oleracea | Mediterranean | 2n=18 | China, India, Russia, Japan, South Korea | B. cretica, B. insularis |
6 | Cauliflower | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | Mediterranean | 2n=18 | China, India, Italy, France, Spain | B. cretica, B. villosa |
7 | Carrot | Daucus carota | Afghanistan, Iran | 2n=18 | China, Russia, USA, Iran, Mexico | D. carota ssp. carota, D. azoricus |
8 | Peas | Pisum sativum | Mediterranean, Central Asia | 2n=14 | China, India, Russia, USA, France | P. elatius, P. abyssinicum |
9 | Spinach | Spinacia oleracea | Persia (Iran) | 2n=12 | China, USA, Turkey, Japan, Iran | S. tetrandra, S. turkestanica |
10 | Pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo | Mexico, Central America | 2n=40 | China, India, Ukraine, Russia, USA | C. texana, C. fraterna |
Horticultural Crops (Fruits and Nuts)
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Mango | Mangifera indica | South Asia (India, Myanmar) | 2n=40 | India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico | M. sylvatica, M. zeylanica |
2 | Banana | Musa spp. | South-East Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia) | 2n=22, 33, 44 | India, China, Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia | M. acuminata, M. balbisiana |
3 | Apple | Malus domestica | Central Asia (Kazakhstan) | 2n=34 | China, USA, Poland, India, Iran | M. sieversii, M. sylvestris |
4 | Grapes | Vitis vinifera | Near East (Caucasus) | 2n=38 | China, Italy, USA, Spain, Turkey | V. labrusca, V. amurensis |
5 | Orange | Citrus sinensis | South-East Asia | 2n=18 | Brazil, USA, China, India, Mexico | C. reticulata, C. maxima |
6 | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | South America (Brazil, Paraguay) | 2n=50 | Thailand, Philippines, India, Indonesia, Nigeria | A. bracteatus, A. lucidus |
7 | Papaya | Carica papaya | Tropical America (Mexico) | 2n=18 | India, Brazil, Nigeria, Indonesia, Mexico | C. cauliflora, C. goudotiana |
8 | Coconut | Cocos nucifera | South-East Asia (Indonesia, Philippines) | 2n=32 | Indonesia, Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Brazil | C. weddelliana |
9 | Almond | Prunus dulcis | Central Asia (Iran) | 2n=16 | USA, Spain, Iran, Morocco, Italy | P. webbii, P. scoparia |
10 | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | Iran to Northern India | 2n=16 | India, Iran, China, USA, Turkey | P. protopunica |
