Centers of origin, distribution and wild relatives for different Oilseeds and Fiber crops
Oilseeds
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Groundnut | Arachis hypogaea | South America (Brazil, Bolivia) | 2n=40 | India, China, Nigeria, USA, Sudan | A. monticola, A. duranensis |
2 | Sesame | Sesamum indicum | Africa (Ethiopia) | 2n=26 | India, China, Myanmar, Sudan, Nigeria | S. mulayanum, S. alatum |
3 | Sunflower | Helianthus annuus | North America | 2n=34 | Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, USA, India | H. petiolaris, H. maximiliani |
4 | Soybean | Glycine max | China | 2n=40 | USA, Brazil, China, Argentina, India | G. soja |
5 | Rapeseed/Mustard | Brassica spp. | Mediterranean, Central Asia | Variable | Canada, China, India, Europe, Australia | B. rapa, B. nigra |
6 | Castor | Ricinus communis | East Africa (Ethiopia) | 2n=20 | India, China, Brazil, Thailand, Ethiopia | R. communis var. minor |
7 | Linseed (Flax) | Linum usitatissimum | Mediterranean | 2n=30 | Canada, China, India, Russia, USA | L. bienne, L. angustifolium |
8 | Safflower | Carthamus tinctorius | Afghanistan, Ethiopia | 2n=24 | India, Mexico, USA, Australia, China | C. oxyacanthus, C. palaestinus |
9 | Coconut | Cocos nucifera | Indo-Malayan Region | Not fixed | Indonesia, Philippines, India, Brazil, Sri Lanka | C. nucifera var. aurantiaca |
10 | Olive | Olea europaea | Mediterranean Basin | 2n=46 | Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Morocco | O. europaea subsp. sylvestris |
Fiber Crops
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Cotton (Upland) | Gossypium hirsutum | Central America (Mexico) | 2n=52 | China, India, USA, Pakistan, Brazil | G. raimondii, G. trilobum |
2 | Cotton (Egyptian) | Gossypium barbadense | South America (Peru) | 2n=52 | Egypt, USA, Peru, Sudan, Turkmenistan | G. darwinii, G. tomentosum |
3 | Jute (White) | Corchorus capsularis | Indo-Burma Region | 2n=14 | India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Brazil | C. aestuans, C. trilocularis |
4 | Jute (Tossa) | Corchorus olitorius | Africa (Sudan) | 2n=14 | India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Brazil | C. fascicularis, C. tridens |
5 | Hemp | Cannabis sativa | Central Asia | 2n=20 | China, Canada, France, USA, Russia | C. ruderalis, C. indica |
6 | Flax | Linum usitatissimum | Mediterranean | 2n=30 | Canada, China, India, Russia, USA | L. bienne, L. angustifolium |
7 | Sunn Hemp | Crotalaria juncea | India | 2n=16 | India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Kenya | C. verrucosa, C. spectabilis |
8 | Ramie | Boehmeria nivea | China | 2n=28 | China, Brazil, Philippines, India, South Korea | B. platanifolia, B. japonica |
9 | Sisal | Agave sisalana | Central America (Mexico) | Not fixed | Brazil, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, China | A. angustifolia, A. fourcroydes |
10 | Coir (Coconut Fiber) | Cocos nucifera | Indo-Malayan Region | Not fixed | Indonesia, Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Brazil | C. nucifera var. aurantiaca |
