Centers of origin, distribution and wild relatives for different Fodder and Cash crops:
Fodder Crops
|
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Botanical Name |
Centre of Origin |
Chromosome Number |
Distribution of Species |
Wild Relatives |
|
1 |
Alfalfa (Lucerne) |
Medicago sativa |
Central Asia (Iran, Turkey) |
2n=32 |
USA, Argentina, China, India, Australia |
M. falcata, M. glomerata |
|
2 |
Sorghum (Fodder) |
Sorghum bicolor |
North-East Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan) |
2n=20 |
India, Nigeria, Sudan, USA, China |
S. arundinaceum, S. verticilliflorum |
|
3 |
Berseem |
Trifolium alexandrinum |
Eastern Mediterranean (Egypt) |
2n=16 |
Egypt, India, Pakistan, Italy, Greece |
T. resupinatum, T. echinatum |
|
4 |
Cowpea (Fodder) |
Vigna unguiculata |
Africa (West Africa) |
2n=22 |
Nigeria, Niger, India, Brazil, USA |
V. pubescens, V. vexillata |
|
5 |
Guinea Grass |
Panicum maximum |
Africa (Tropical Africa) |
2n=32 |
Brazil, India, Australia, Africa, Pacific Islands |
P. infestum, P. trichocladum |
|
6 |
Napier Grass |
Pennisetum purpureum |
Africa (Tropical Africa) |
2n=14, 28 |
Kenya, Uganda, India, Thailand, Brazil |
P. squamulatum, P. mezianum |
|
7 |
Oat (Fodder) |
Avena sativa |
Mediterranean |
2n=42 |
Russia, USA, Canada, Australia, Europe |
A. sterilis, A. fatua |
|
8 |
Ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Europe |
2n=14 |
New Zealand, USA, UK, Australia, Japan |
L. multiflorum, L. rigidum |
|
9 |
Stylosanthes |
Stylosanthes spp. |
South America |
Variable |
Brazil, Australia, India, Thailand, Nigeria |
S. scabra, S. humilis |
|
10 |
Subabul (Leucaena) |
Leucaena leucocephala |
Central America (Mexico) |
2n=104 |
Philippines, Indonesia, India, Australia, Brazil |
L. diversifolia, L. esculenta |
Cash Crops
|
Sr. No. |
Crop |
Botanical Name |
Centre of Origin |
Chromosome Number |
Distribution of Species |
Wild Relatives |
|
1 |
Sugarcane |
Saccharum officinarum |
New Guinea |
2n=80 |
Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan |
S. spontaneum, S. robustum |
|
2 |
Tea |
Camellia sinensis |
South-East Asia (China, India) |
2n=30 |
China, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Japan |
C. irrawadiensis, C. taliensis |
|
3 |
Coffee |
Coffea arabica |
Ethiopia |
2n=44 |
Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia |
C. canephora, C. eugenioides |
|
4 |
Tobacco |
Nicotiana tabacum |
South America (Peru, Bolivia) |
2n=48 |
China, Brazil, India, USA, Indonesia |
N. sylvestris, N. tomentosiformis |
|
5 |
Sugar Beet |
Beta vulgaris |
Mediterranean |
2n=18 |
Russia, USA, France, Germany, Turkey |
B. maritima, B. patula |
|
6 |
Cocoa |
Theobroma cacao |
Amazon Basin (South America) |
2n=20 |
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Brazil |
T. grandiflorum, T. bicolor |
|
7 |
Rubber |
Hevea brasiliensis |
Amazon Basin (Brazil) |
2n=36 |
Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Vietnam |
H. benthamiana, H. guianensis |
|
8 |
Cotton (Cash Crop) |
Gossypium hirsutum |
Central America (Mexico) |
2n=52 |
China, India, USA, Pakistan, Brazil |
G. raimondii, G. trilobum |
|
9 |
Jute (Cash Crop) |
Corchorus capsularis |
Indo-Burma Region |
2n=14 |
India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Brazil |
C. aestuans, C. trilocularis |
|
10 |
Oil Palm |
Elaeis guineensis |
West Africa |
2n=32 |
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Nigeria, Colombia |
E. oleifera |
