Centers of origin, distribution and wild relatives for different Fodder and Cash crops:
Fodder Crops
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Alfalfa (Lucerne) | Medicago sativa | Central Asia (Iran, Turkey) | 2n=32 | USA, Argentina, China, India, Australia | M. falcata, M. glomerata |
2 | Sorghum (Fodder) | Sorghum bicolor | North-East Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan) | 2n=20 | India, Nigeria, Sudan, USA, China | S. arundinaceum, S. verticilliflorum |
3 | Berseem | Trifolium alexandrinum | Eastern Mediterranean (Egypt) | 2n=16 | Egypt, India, Pakistan, Italy, Greece | T. resupinatum, T. echinatum |
4 | Cowpea (Fodder) | Vigna unguiculata | Africa (West Africa) | 2n=22 | Nigeria, Niger, India, Brazil, USA | V. pubescens, V. vexillata |
5 | Guinea Grass | Panicum maximum | Africa (Tropical Africa) | 2n=32 | Brazil, India, Australia, Africa, Pacific Islands | P. infestum, P. trichocladum |
6 | Napier Grass | Pennisetum purpureum | Africa (Tropical Africa) | 2n=14, 28 | Kenya, Uganda, India, Thailand, Brazil | P. squamulatum, P. mezianum |
7 | Oat (Fodder) | Avena sativa | Mediterranean | 2n=42 | Russia, USA, Canada, Australia, Europe | A. sterilis, A. fatua |
8 | Ryegrass | Lolium perenne | Europe | 2n=14 | New Zealand, USA, UK, Australia, Japan | L. multiflorum, L. rigidum |
9 | Stylosanthes | Stylosanthes spp. | South America | Variable | Brazil, Australia, India, Thailand, Nigeria | S. scabra, S. humilis |
10 | Subabul (Leucaena) | Leucaena leucocephala | Central America (Mexico) | 2n=104 | Philippines, Indonesia, India, Australia, Brazil | L. diversifolia, L. esculenta |
Cash Crops
Sr. No. | Crop | Botanical Name | Centre of Origin | Chromosome Number | Distribution of Species | Wild Relatives |
1 | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | New Guinea | 2n=80 | Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan | S. spontaneum, S. robustum |
2 | Tea | Camellia sinensis | South-East Asia (China, India) | 2n=30 | China, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Japan | C. irrawadiensis, C. taliensis |
3 | Coffee | Coffea arabica | Ethiopia | 2n=44 | Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, Ethiopia | C. canephora, C. eugenioides |
4 | Tobacco | Nicotiana tabacum | South America (Peru, Bolivia) | 2n=48 | China, Brazil, India, USA, Indonesia | N. sylvestris, N. tomentosiformis |
5 | Sugar Beet | Beta vulgaris | Mediterranean | 2n=18 | Russia, USA, France, Germany, Turkey | B. maritima, B. patula |
6 | Cocoa | Theobroma cacao | Amazon Basin (South America) | 2n=20 | Ivory Coast, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Brazil | T. grandiflorum, T. bicolor |
7 | Rubber | Hevea brasiliensis | Amazon Basin (Brazil) | 2n=36 | Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Vietnam | H. benthamiana, H. guianensis |
8 | Cotton (Cash Crop) | Gossypium hirsutum | Central America (Mexico) | 2n=52 | China, India, USA, Pakistan, Brazil | G. raimondii, G. trilobum |
9 | Jute (Cash Crop) | Corchorus capsularis | Indo-Burma Region | 2n=14 | India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Brazil | C. aestuans, C. trilocularis |
10 | Oil Palm | Elaeis guineensis | West Africa | 2n=32 | Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Nigeria, Colombia | E. oleifera |
