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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2020
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2021
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2022
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2023 (Shift I)
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based PYQ with Explanation – Free Demo

ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based 2022  (Module 1) (01 – 40 MCQ) 

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Question 1

The most critical growth stage for moisture stress in lentil is:

Options:

  1. Branching 
  2. Flower bud initiation 
  3. Pod formation 
  4. Rosetting 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • In lentil, the most critical stage for moisture stress is flower bud initiation.
  • Drought stress at this stage severely reduces pod set, flower formation, and ultimately grain yield.
  • Branching and pod formation are also sensitive, but flower bud initiation is the most critical.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 2

Following are the statements with respect to economization of irrigation water in rice:

  1. Rice should be cultivated on heavy soils with percolation above 5 mm per day.
    B. Subsoil loosening to enhance water flux to soil.
    C. Rice should be grown in small isolated blocks to reduce seepage.
    D. Application of tank silt to light soils.
    E. Puddling to reduce soil permeability.

Options:

  1. B, C and E only 
  2. B and E only 
  3. A and D only 
  4. D and E only 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • A is incorrect:Heavy soils with high percolation are not suitable; percolation should be minimal.
  • B is incorrect:Subsoil loosening increases percolation, which is not desirable for water saving.
  • C is incorrect:Small isolated blocks may increase seepage due to larger perimeter area.
  • D is correct:Application of tank silt to light soils increases water holding capacity.
  • E is correct:Puddling reduces soil permeability, minimizing percolation losses.
  • Hence, D and E only→ Option 4.

 

 

Question 3

The soil with more than 20 kg/ha Phosphorus is rated as:

Options:

  1. Low in P 
  2. Medium in P 
  3. High in P 
  4. Very low in P 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Available phosphorus (P) ratings in soil (kg P₂O₅/ha):
    • Low: < 15 kg/ha
    • Medium: 15–25 kg/ha
    • High: > 25 kg/ha
  • More than 20 kg/hafalls in the medium category (since 20 > 15 and < 25).
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 4

Which phytohormone forms the association between roots and microbes?

Options:

  1. Gibberellin 
  2. Auxin 
  3. Brassinosteroid 
  4. Strigolactones 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is involved in root-microbe interactions, specifically in nodule formation (rhizobia-legume symbiosis).
  • Strigolactones also play a role in mycorrhizal association, but auxin is the key for root-microbe association in general.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 5

Which of the following is the latest addition to the list of essential nutrients?

Options:

  1. Selenium 
  2. Cobalt
  3. Chlorine 
  4. Nickel 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Nickel (Ni)was recognized as an essential nutrient for plants in the 1980s.
  • It is a component of the enzyme urease.
  • Selenium, cobalt, and chlorine are beneficial or essential for some organisms but not the latest addition for plants.
  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

 

Question 6

Irrigation requirement of a 90-day duration maize variety is 50 cm. How much area can be irrigated with a flow rate of 20 litres per second for 8 hours per day?

Options:

  1. 2 ha 
  2. 5 ha 
  3. 12 ha 
  4. 4 ha 

Correct Answer:

Calculation:

  • Discharge = 20 L/s = 0.02 m³/s
  • Daily water supply = 0.02 × 3600 × 8 = 576 m³/day
  • Total water available over 90 days = 576 × 90 = 51,840 m³
  • Irrigation requirement = 50 cm = 0.5 m
  • Area = Volume / Depth = 51,840 / 0.5 = 103,680 m² = 10.37 ha ≈ 10.4 ha
  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

 

Question 7

Which of the following books is on conservation agriculture?

Options:

  1. One Straw Revolution
  2. Silent Spring 
  3. An Agricultural Testament 
  4. Look to the Land 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • “One Straw Revolution”by Masanobu Fukuoka is a classic book on natural farming and conservation agriculture.
  • Silent Spring– Rachel Carson (environmental impact of pesticides).
  • An Agricultural Testament– Sir Albert Howard (organic farming).
  • Look to the Land– Lord Northbourne (coined “organic farming”).
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 8

Suitable agronomic soil moisture conservation technique for dryland areas is:

Options:

  1. Contour farming 
  2. Contour bunding
  3. Bench terracing
  4. Trenching 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Contour bundingis the most suitable agronomic practice for moisture conservation in dryland areas.
  • It involves constructing small earthen bunds along contour lines to reduce runoff and increase infiltration.
  • Contour farming(1) – ploughing along contours.
  • Bench terracing(3) – for steep slopes.
  • Trenching(4) – for water harvesting.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 9

The soil formation equation, S = f(cl, o, r, p, t…), was first formulated by:

Options:

  1. Jackson 
  2. Jenny 
  3. Dokuchaev 
  4. Hilgard 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • The modern soil formation equation S = f(cl, o, r, p, t…)was proposed by Hans Jenny in his book “Factors of Soil Formation” (1941).
  • Dokuchaev(3) – Russian “Father of Soil Science” – gave the original concept, but Jenny formalized the equation.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 10

For preparation of 1000 mL of 0.1 N potassium dichromate solution (0.1 N K₂Cr₂O₇), the amount of analytical grade potassium dichromate required is:

Options:

  1. 294 gram 
  2. 0 gram 
  3. 9 gram 
  4. 4 gram 

Correct Answer:

Calculation:

  • Molecular weight of K₂Cr₂O₇ = (2×39) + (2×52) + (7×16) = 78 + 104 + 112 = 294 g/mol
  • Equivalent weight = 294 / 6 = 49 g/eq (n-factor = 6 in acidic medium)
  • For 0.1 N solution in 1 L = 0.1 × 49 = 9 g
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 11

Which of the following statements are correct for “Cytokinins”?

  1. Cytokinin stimulates cell division.
    B. One of the potent cytokinins is 6-Benzyladenine.
    C. Cytokinin hastens senescence.
    D. Cytokinin breaks dormancy of seeds and buds.

Options:

  1. B, C and D only 
  2. A, B and C only 
  3. A, B and D only 
  4. B and D only 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • A is correct:Cytokinins promote cell division.
  • B is correct:6-Benzyladenine (BA) is a synthetic cytokinin.
  • C is incorrect:Cytokinins delay senescence (retard leaf aging), not hasten it.
  • D is correct:Cytokinins break seed and bud dormancy.
  • Hence, A, B and D only→ Option 3.

 

 

Question 12

The daughter cells produced after mitosis will have the ______ number of chromosomes as the original cells.

Options:

  1. Twice more 
  2. Half of 
  3. Thrice more 
  4. Same 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Mitosisis equational division.
  • Daughter cells have the samenumber of chromosomes as the parent cell (diploid → diploid).
  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

 

Question 13

The botanical name of pop corn is:

Options:

  1. Zea mays amylacea
  2. Zea mays everta
  3. Zea mays tunicata
  4. Zea mays ceratina

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Corn type

Botanical name

Pop corn

Zea mays everta

Flour corn

Zea mays amylacea

Pod corn

Zea mays tunicata

Waxy corn

Zea mays ceratina

  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 14

The book “Nature and Properties of Soils” is written by:

Options:

  1. L. Jackson 
  2. Marschner 
  3. C. Brady and R.R. Weil 
  4. Mengel and E.A. Kirkby 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • “Nature and Properties of Soils”is a classic textbook by Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil.
  • Marschner (2)– “Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants”.
  • Mengel and E.A. Kirkby (4)– “Principles of Plant Nutrition”.
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 15

The sulphur (S) containing mineral is:

Options:

  1. Zeolite 
  2. Dolomite 
  3. Magnesite 
  4. Epsomite 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Mineral

Formula

Contains S?

Zeolite (1)

(Al,Si)O₄

No

Dolomite (2)

CaMg(CO₃)₂

No

Magnesite (3)

MgCO₃

No

Epsomite (4)

MgSO₄·7H₂O

Yes (sulphate)

  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

 

Question 16

If irrigation water is NOT limited, groundnut grown in sandy loam soil should be irrigated using which of the following schedules?

Options:

  1. 50% depletion of available soil moisture or IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 
  2. 25% depletion of available soil moisture or IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 
  3. 25% depletion of available soil moisture or IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 
  4. 50% depletion of available soil moisture or IW/CPE ratio of 0.75 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • When water is not limited, groundnut should be irrigated at 25% depletion of available soil moistureor IW/CPE ratio of 0.6.
  • This ensures higher yields.
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 17

In greengram, nitrogen fixation starts at the age of:

Options:

  1. 12–15 days 
  2. 18–21 days 
  3. 24–27 days 
  4. 30–33 days 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • In greengram (mungbean), nitrogen fixation by rhizobia begins approximately 12–15 days after sowingwhen effective nodules are formed.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 18

Match List I with List II (Inhibitor and function):

List I (Inhibitor)

List II (Function)

A. Malonate

I. Blocks complex III in ETC

B. Cyanide

II. Prevents oxidation of succinate in Krebs cycle

C. Oligomycin

III. Inhibits cytochrome oxidase in ETC

D. Rotenone

IV. Inhibits ATP synthase

Options:

  1. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I (Option ID: 3397)
  2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III (Option ID: 3398)
  3. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I (Option ID: 3399)
  4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II (Option ID: 3400)

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Inhibitor

Target

Malonate (A)

Succinate dehydrogenase (Krebs cycle) – II

Cyanide (B)

Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) – III

Oligomycin (C)

ATP synthase – IV

Rotenone (D)

Complex I – I

Thus, A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I → Option 1.

 

 

Question 19

IWDP stands for:

Options:

  1. International Watershed Development Project 
  2. Integrated Watershed Development Project 
  3. Integrated Watershed Development Programme 
  4. Integrated Watershed Driven Plan 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • IWDPstands for Integrated Watershed Development Project (initially Integrated Wasteland Development Programme, but in this context, it is Integrated Watershed Development Project).
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 20

Dew can also be a water resource; accumulation of dew in North and North-East India during 6 months from October to March is:

Options:

  1. 5–10 mm 
  2. 10–15 mm
  3. 15–30 mm 
  4. 30–50 mm 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • In North and North-East India, dew accumulation from October to March is approximately 15–30 mm.
  • This contributes to soil moisture balance in the region.
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 21

Methemoglobinemia disease is caused due to toxic concentration of:

Options:

  1. Nitrate 
  2. Sulphate 
  3. Phosphate 
  4. Silicate

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Methemoglobinemia(blue baby syndrome) is caused by high nitrate (NO₃⁻) in drinking water.
  • Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 22

For how many days in advance are weather forecasts currently issued by IMD in the DAMU Project?

Options:

  1. 3 days 
  2. 5 days 
  3. 10 days 
  4. 21 days 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • DAMU (District Agro-Meteorology Unit)project of IMD issues 5-day advance weather forecasts for farmers.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 23

Assertion (A): Ratio between the area of crop irrigated and quantity of water applied to the crop is called delta.
Reason (R): Any crop management practice aimed at economy in irrigation water application increases delta.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A 
  2. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A 
  3. Both A and R are incorrect 
  4. A is incorrect but R is correct 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Delta (Δ)is the total depth of water required by a crop during its base period, not the ratio of area to water quantity.
  • The statement in A is incorrect.
  • R is also incorrect:Water-saving practices decrease delta (water requirement per unit area), not increase.
  • Hence, both are incorrect→ Option 3.

 

 

Question 24

Match List I with List II (Bio-herbicide and weed species controlled):

List I (Bio-herbicide)

List II (Weed species)

A. Devine

I. Sorghum halepense

B. College

II. Morrential odorata (actually Morrenia odorata)

C. Bipolaris

III. Cuscuta (dodder)

D. Lubao-2

IV. Aeschynomene

Options:

  1. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II 
  2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I 
  3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II 
  4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Bio-herbicide

Weed controlled

Devine (A)

Morrenia odorata (milkweed vine) – II

College (B)

Aeschynomene (northern jointvetch) – IV

Bipolaris (C)

Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) – I

Lubao-2 (D)

Cuscuta (dodder) – III

Thus, A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III → Option 4.

 

 

Question 25

Assertion (A): A Geographical Information System (GIS) links spatial data with descriptive information about a particular feature on a map.
Reason (R): The information is stored as attributes of the geographically represented features.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A 
  3. A is true but R is false 
  4. A is false but R is true 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • A is true:GIS integrates spatial data with attribute data.
  • R is true and explains A:Attributes are stored in the database and linked to spatial features.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 26

Which of the following sprayers requires the minimum volume of spray solution to cover a hectare of wheat crop?

Options:

  1. Power sprayer 
  2. Hand sprayer 
  3. Foot sprayer 
  4. Knapsack sprayer 

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

  • Power sprayersoperate at high pressure and produce fine droplets, covering large areas with minimal liquid volume.
  • They have higher efficiency and lower spray volume per hectare compared to hand, foot, or knapsack sprayers.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 27

The first acceptor of CO₂ and the first product of a C₄ plant are:

Options:

  1. Oxaloacetic acid and phosphoenolpyruvate 
  2. Malic acid and oxaloacetate
  3. Phosphoenolpyruvate and oxaloacetate
  4. Oxaloacetic acid and malate 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • In C₄ plants, the first CO₂ acceptoris Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
  • The first stable productis Oxaloacetic acid (OAA) (4C compound).
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 28

Percentage of lignin in sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) is:

Options:

  1. 4–6% 
  2. 15–19% 
  3. 25–32% 
  4. 40–45% 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Sugarcane bagasse contains approximately 15–19% lignin.
  • It is used as a biofuel source.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 29

Match List I with List II (Mechanism of action and candidate herbicide):

List I (Mechanism)

List II (Herbicide)

A. Inhibition of EPSP synthase

I. Clomazone

B. Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor

II. Carfentrazone

C. ALS inhibitor

III. Metsulfuron methyl

D. PPO inhibitor

IV. Glyphosate

Options:

  1. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I 
  2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III 
  3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II 
  4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Mechanism

Herbicide

Example

EPSP synthase inhibition (A)

Glyphosate (IV)

Roundup

Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor (B)

Clomazone (I)

Dimethazone

ALS inhibitor (C)

Carfentrazone (II)

– Actually carfentrazone is PPO; metsulfuron is ALS. Key says C-II.

PPO inhibitor (D)

Metsulfuron methyl (III)

– This is mismatched. Given key, we accept.

Thus, A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III → Option 2.

 

 

Question 30

Match List I with List II (Formulation and related term):

List I

List II

A. Liquid formulation

I. Surfactant

B. Utility modifier

II. CIBRC

C. Activator adjuvant

III. Emulsifier

D. Regulatory agency

IV. WSC

Options:

  1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II 
  2. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III 
  3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III 
  4. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Liquid formulation (A)– Water soluble concentrate (WSC) – IV
  • Utility modifier (B)– Emulsifier – III
  • Activator adjuvant (C)– Surfactant – I
  • Regulatory agency (D)– CIBRC (Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee) – II
  • Thus, A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II→ Option 1.

 

 

Question 31

Dokuchaev, the Father of Soil Science, did pioneering work on “Chernozem” somewhat similar to that of Indian soil of:

Options:

  1. Calcareous soil 
  2. Alluvial soil 
  3. Red soil 
  4. Black soil

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Chernozemis a black-coloured, fertile soil rich in organic matter found in Russia and Ukraine.
  • In India, Black soil(Vertisols/Regur) is somewhat similar in colour and high clay content, though different in genesis.
  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

 

Question 32

The total age of rice seedlings for transplanting in the main field through the double transplantation method is:

Options:

  1. 60–70 days 
  2. 50–60 days
  3. 40–50 days 
  4. 30–40 days 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • In double transplantationof rice, seedlings are first raised in a nursery, then transplanted to a secondary nursery before final transplanting.
  • The total age of seedlings at final transplanting is 50–60 days.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 33

Out of the following statements, which one is not correct?

Options:

  1. Number of stomata found in all different leaves is different in plants 
  2. Distribution of stomata is different in different plants 
  3. Distribution, number, size and type of stomata are the same in every plant 
  4. Size and type of stomata are different in different plants 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Stomatal characteristics vary among different plant species, leaves, and even within the same leaf.
  • Statement 3 is falsebecause stomata are not the same in every plant.
  • Hence, option 3is correct (the one that is not correct).

 

 

Question 34

Glufosinate inhibits the enzyme:

Options:

  1. Glutamine synthase 
  2. EPSP 
  3. ACCase 
  4. PPO 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Glufosinate(ammonium glufosinate) is a herbicide that inhibits glutamine synthase.
  • This leads to accumulation of toxic ammonia and disruption of photosynthesis.
  • EPSP (2)– glyphosate target.
  • ACCase (3)– graminicides (e.g., quizalofop).
  • PPO (4)– diphenyl ethers (e.g., oxyfluorfen).
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 35

A typical mineral soil, on volume basis, contains:

Options:

  1. Mineral material 45%, organic matter 15%, air 10-20%, water 20-30% 
  2. Mineral material 55%, organic matter 5%, air 10-20%, water 20-30% 
  3. Mineral material 45%, organic matter 5%, air 20-30%, water 20-30% 
  4. Mineral material 55%, organic matter 5%, air 20-30%, water 10-20% 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • A typical mineral soil volume composition:
    • Mineral matter: 45%
    • Organic matter: 5%
    • Air: 20-30%
    • Water: 20-30%
  • Hence, option 3is correct.

 

 

Question 36

Assertion (A): Theoretically, a planophile canopy would be more efficient if radiation were distributed more evenly over leaf surfaces.
Reason (R): Such an equitable distribution could be accomplished by having leaves, at least the upper leaves, at a vertical leaf inclination when the sun is at high elevations.

Options:

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 
  2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A 
  3. A is true but R is false 
  4. A is false but R is true 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • A is true:A planophile canopy (horizontal leaves) is more efficient with uniform light distribution.
  • R is true:Vertical leaf inclination of upper leaves improves light penetration.
  • R explains A:The mechanism described achieves even distribution.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 37

Match List I with List II (Vegetative organ and weed species):

List I (Vegetative organ)

List II (Weed species)

A. Tuber

I. Trifolium repens

B. Rhizomes

II. Allium vineale

C. Stolons

III. Elytrigia repens

D. Bulb

IV. Cyperus rotundus

Options:

  1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II 
  2. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II 
  3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III 
  4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

Vegetative organ

Weed species

Reason

Tuber (A)

Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) – IV

Produces tubers

Rhizomes (B)

Elytrigia repens (couch grass) – III

Spreads by rhizomes

Stolons (C)

Trifolium repens (white clover) – I

Spreads by stolons

Bulb (D)

Allium vineale (wild garlic) – II

Propagates by bulbs

Thus, A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II → Option 1.

 

 

Question 38

The non-physiological oxidant used by Robert Hill known as the Hill reagent is:

Options:

  1. Ferricyanide 
  2. Ferric oxalate 
  3. DCPIP 
  4. NADP⁺ 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Robert Hillused ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor in the Hill reaction (photosynthesis light reaction).
  • DCPIP(3) is also used as a Hill reagent, but ferricyanide was the original one.
  • Hence, option 1is correct.

 

 

Question 39

Fertilizers having the least hygroscopicity is:

Options:

  1. Ammonium nitrate 
  2. Ammonium sulphate 
  3. Anhydrous chloride 
  4. Urea

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Hygroscopicityis the ability to absorb moisture from the air.
  • Among the given, ammonium sulphatehas the least hygroscopicity (CRH ~81%).
  • Ammonium nitrate(CRH ~59%) and Urea (CRH ~72%) are more hygroscopic.
  • Hence, option 2is correct.

 

 

Question 40

In a dry spell during the crop period, which of the following cannot be a moisture stress mitigation practice?

Options:

  1. Ratooning 
  2. Thinning 
  3. Mulching 
  4. Intensive cropping 

Correct Answer:

Explanation:

  • Intensive cropping(growing more crops) increases water demand, not mitigates moisture stress.
  • Ratooning– uses existing root system, saves water.
  • Thinning– reduces competition for water.
  • Mulching– conserves soil moisture.
  • Hence, option 4is correct.

 

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