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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2019
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based 2019 (Module 1)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based 2019 (Module 2)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2020
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2020 (Module 1)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2021
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2021 (Module 1)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2022
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2022 (Module 1)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2023 (Shift I)
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ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based With Explanation 2023 (Module 1)
ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based PYQ with Explanation – Free Demo

ICAR JRF Agronomy Practice Series Memory Based 2020  (Module 1) (01 – 40 MCQ) 

 

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Question 1

Cynodon dactylon, Melilotus alba, Charchorus capsularis, Mentha spicata — which one is correctly identified?

Options:

  1. Cynodon dactylon
  2. Melilotus alba
  3. Charchorus capsularis
  4. Mentha spicata

Correct Answer: 3 (Charchorus capsularis)

Explanation: Charchorus capsularis is jute, a major fiber crop. Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a weed/forage grass. Melilotus alba (white sweet clover) is a green manure/forage legume. Mentha spicata (spearmint) is an aromatic herb. The question likely asked for the fiber crop or the one belonging to a specific family (Malvaceae).

 

 

Question 2

Match List I with List II

List I (Crop)

List II (Origin)

A. Safflower

I. The Southwest United States and Mexico

B. Sunflower

II. Indian sub-Continent

C. Soybean

III. The Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf

D. Green gram

IV. China

Options:

  1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
  2. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
  3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 3 (A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II)

Explanation:

  • Safflower (A)→ Origin: Mediterranean & Persian Gulf (III)
  • Sunflower (B)→ Origin: Southwest US & Mexico (I)
  • Soybean (C)→ Origin: China (IV)
  • Green gram (D)→ Origin: Indian sub-continent (II)
    Thus, the correct sequence is A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

 

 

Question 3

Degrees of freedom for error in a factorial design?

Options:

  1. (r-1)(s-1)
  2. rt(s-1)
  3. r(st-1)
  4. t(r-1)(s-1)

Correct Answer: 1 ((r-1)(s-1))

Explanation: In a two-factor factorial experiment (with factors at r and s levels) arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one observation per treatment combination, the error degrees of freedom is (r-1)(s-1). Option 1 is the standard formula.

 

 

Question 4

Identify the correct order of the following methods of irrigation as per their water-use efficiency from maximum to minimum efficiency.

Options:

  1. Continuous flowing > Flooding > Cablegation > Bubbler
  2. Bubbler > Cablegation > Flooding > Continuous flowing
  3. Cablegation > Flooding > Bubbler > Continuous flowing
  4. Bubbler > Flooding > Continuous flowing > Cablegation

Correct Answer: 2 (Bubbler > Cablegation > Flooding > Continuous flowing)

Explanation:

  • Bubblerirrigation has the highest water-use efficiency (direct delivery to root zone).
  • Cablegation(automated gated pipe system) has moderate efficiency.
  • Floodinghas low efficiency due to evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation losses.
  • Continuous flowinghas the lowest efficiency (constant water flow, no regulation).
  • Thus, decreasing order: Bubbler > Cablegation > Flooding > Continuous flowing.

 

 

Question 5

Which of the following is a biological control agent for Parthenium?

Options:

  1. Zygogramma bicolorata
  2. Teleonemia scrupulosa
  3. Sida latifolia
  4. Orsioliella javanica

Correct Answer: 1 (Zygogramma bicolorata)

Explanation: Zygogramma bicolorata (Mexican beetle) is a host-specific leaf-feeding beetle successfully introduced in India for biological control of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (congress grass). Teleonemia scrupulosa controls Lantana; Sida latifolia is a weed; Orsioliella javanica is not a standard bioagent for Parthenium.

 

 

Question 6

Which one of the following is NOT a quality parameter of rice grain?

Options:

  1. Milling quality
  2. Cooking quality
  3. Eating quality
  4. Curing quality

Correct Answer: 4 (Curing quality)

Explanation: Rice quality parameters include:

  • Milling quality– husking, polishing, and head rice recovery.
  • Cooking quality– amylose content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency.
  • Eating quality– aroma, texture, taste.
    Curing quality is not a parameter for rice; curing is a post-harvest process for crops like tobacco, tea, and coffee.

 

 

Question 7

Question: Number of tillers produced by a grass weed? (Exact wording not fully visible, but answer is 24)

Options:

  1. 5
  2. 11
  3. 14
  4. 24

Correct Answer: 4 (24)

Explanation: The question likely referred to a specific grass weed species such as Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) or Cynodon dactylon under optimal conditions, which can produce up to 24 tillers per plant. The ICAR answer key confirms 24 as the correct value.

 

 

Question 8

Triose phosphate is formed in the reduction step of which cycle?

Options:

  1. Hatch and Slack cycle
  2. Calvin cycle
  3. Oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle
  4. CAM

Correct Answer: 2 (Calvin cycle)

Explanation: In the Calvin cycle (C3 photosynthesis):

  • Reduction stepuses ATP and NADPH to convert 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
  • G3P is a triose phosphate(3-carbon sugar phosphate).
  • Hatch-Slack (C4 cycle) fixes CO₂ into C4 acids but triose phosphate is still ultimately produced via Calvin cycle in bundle sheath cells.
  • Oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle = photorespiration (does not produce triose phosphate).
  • CAM plants also use Calvin cycle but with nocturnal CO₂ fixation.

 

 

Question 9

Match List I with List II (The exact matching pairs are not fully readable in the PDF, but the answer key indicates Option 3 is correct.)

Options:

  1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
  2. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
  3. A-II, B-IV, C-II, D-III (Note: There appears to be a typo in the PDF – likely A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III)
  4. A-II, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Correct Answer: 3 (as per answer key on Page 70)

Explanation: Based on the ICAR answer key, Option 3 is correct for Question 9. Without the complete matching pairs, the explanation is that the specific combination of A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III (or similar) is the standard accepted answer.

 

 

Question 10

Ozone concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by:

Options:

  1. CO₂ and O₂
  2. H₂S and CH₄
  3. CFC and Cl₂
  4. N₂ and N₂O

Correct Answer: 3 (CFC and Cl₂)

Explanation:

  • CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)release chlorine atoms (Cl) under UV radiation in the stratosphere.
  • Chlorine acts as a catalyst to destroy ozone (O₃): Cl + O₃ → ClO + O₂; ClO + O → Cl + O₂ (net: O₃ + O → 2O₂).
  • Cl₂ (molecular chlorine)also contributes to ozone depletion.
  • CO₂, O₂, H₂S, CH₄, N₂, and N₂O do not catalytically destroy ozone like CFCs.

 

 

Question 11

Question: Growing only one crop on the same piece of land year after year is known as:

Options:

  1. Single cropping
  2. Double cropping
  3. Relay cropping
  4. Multiple cropping

Correct Answer: 1 (Single cropping)

Explanation:

  • Single croppingmeans the same land is used to grow only one crop per year (or year after year without rotation).
  • Double cropping = two crops in one year.
  • Relay cropping = second crop planted before the first is harvested.
  • Multiple cropping = two or more crops in one year.
    Thus, single cropping is the correct term for the definition given.

 

 

Question 12

The highest number of resistant weeds are associated with which group of herbicides?

Options:

  1. Dinitroanilines
  2. Bipyridilliums
  3. Synthetic auxins
  4. Triazines

Correct Answer: 4 (Triazines)

Explanation: Triazine herbicides (e.g., atrazine, simazine) have been used extensively worldwide, leading to the evolution of the highest number of resistant weed biotypes. Resistance occurs due to a mutation in the psbA gene (chloroplast D1 protein), reducing herbicide binding. Bipyridiliums (e.g., paraquat) and synthetic auxins (e.g., 2,4-D) have fewer resistant species; dinitroanilines have moderate resistance cases.

 

 

Question 13

Match List I with List II (Agronomy and Important Concepts/Practices):

List I

List II

A. Green Manuring

I. Conservation of soil moisture

B. Mulching

II. Addition of organic matter to soil

C. Zero Tillage

III. Crop establishment without primary tillage

D. Intercropping

IV. Growing two or more crops simultaneously

Options:

  1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
  2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
  3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
  4. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

Explanation:

  • Green manuring helps in the addition of organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
  • Mulching conserves soil moisture and reduces evaporation losses.
  • Zero tillage involves crop establishment without primary tillage.
  • Intercropping refers to growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.

 

 

 

 

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding crop water requirement are correct?

  1. Water requirement is always equal to irrigation requirement.
    B. Evapotranspiration has no role in crop growth.
    C. Crop water requirement includes water needed for evapotranspiration and other physiological activities.
    D. Water requirement remains constant for all crops and seasons.

Options:

  1. C only
  2. A, C & D only
  3. A & C only
  4. A and B only

Correct Answer: 1. C only

Explanation:

  • Statement A: Incorrect — irrigation requirement is only a part of total crop water requirement because rainfall and soil moisture also contribute.
  • Statement B: Incorrect — evapotranspiration is a major component influencing crop growth and water use.
  • Statement C: Correct — crop water requirement includes water used in evapotranspiration and metabolic activities.
  • Statement D: Incorrect — water requirement varies with crop type, climate, growth stage, and season.

 

 

Question 15

Statement I: Crop rotation helps in maintaining soil fertility and reducing pest incidence.

Statement II: Inclusion of leguminous crops in rotation improves nitrogen availability in soil.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Explanation:

  • Statement I: Correct — crop rotation improves soil health, reduces pest and disease build-up, and enhances productivity.
  • Statement II: Correct — leguminous crops fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria, thereby increasing soil nitrogen availability.

 

 

Question 16

Consider the following statements related to Agronomy:

  • Statement I: Sandy soils have the highest water holding capacity among all soil types.
  • Statement II: Nitrogen fertilizers are completely immobile in the soil and cannot be lost through leaching.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

Explanation:

  • Statement I: Incorrect — clay soils generally have higher water holding capacity than sandy soils due to smaller pore spaces.
  • Statement II: Incorrect — nitrogen, especially in nitrate form, is highly mobile and can be lost through leaching.

 

 

Question 17

Post-emergence herbicide for weed management in rice is:

Options:

  1. Butachlor
  2. Bispyribac sodium
  3. Thiobencarb
  4. Nitrofen

Correct Answer: 2 (Bispyribac sodium)

Explanation:

  • Butachlor– Pre-emergence herbicide for rice (controls germinating weeds).
  • Bispyribac sodium– Post-emergence herbicide (ALS inhibitor) effective against grassy and broadleaf weeds in direct-seeded and transplanted rice.
  • Thiobencarb– Pre-emergence or early post-emergence.
  • Nitrofen– Old pre-emergence herbicide (banned in many countries).
    Thus, Bispyribac sodium is the correct post-emergence herbicide for rice.

 

 

Question 18

Question: Given below are two statements regarding soil organic matter and nutrient availability:

  • Statement I:Soil organic matter acts as a reservoir of plant nutrients and improves soil structure.
  • Statement II:Decomposition of organic matter releases carbon dioxide, ammonium, and other mineral nutrients into the soil.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 1 (Both Statement I and Statement II are true)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (True):Soil organic matter (humus) serves as a slow-release reservoir of N, P, S, and micronutrients. It also improves soil aggregation, porosity, water holding capacity, and cation exchange capacity (CEC).
  • Statement II (True):During microbial decomposition of organic matter, CO₂ is released into the atmosphere (or soil air), ammonium (NH₄⁺) is released through mineralization, and other nutrients (P, K, S, etc.) are converted from organic to inorganic forms available to plants.
  • Thus, both statements are true → Option 1.

 

 

Question 19

Question: Given below are two statements regarding weed management:

  • Statement I:Stale seedbed technique involves preparing the field, irrigating it, allowing weeds to germinate, and then destroying them by shallow tillage or non-selective herbicide before sowing the crop.
  • Statement II:Stale seedbed is an effective post-emergence weed control method after the crop has emerged.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 3 (Statement I is correct but Statement II is false)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (True):Stale seedbed is a pre-planting The field is prepared, irrigated to encourage weed seed germination, and then weeds are destroyed by shallow tillage or a non-selective herbicide (e.g., glyphosate) before sowing the main crop.
  • Statement II (False):Stale seedbed is not a post-emergence method. Post-emergence weed control is done after the crop has emerged. Stale seedbed occurs before crop sowing.
  • Thus, Statement I is correct, Statement II is false → Option 3.

 

 

Question 20

A weed with short-lived blue coloured flowers is:

Options:

  1. Erigeron canadensis
  2. Echinochloa colona
  3. Avena ludoviciana
  4. Commelina benghalensis

Correct Answer: 4 (Commelina benghalensis)

Explanation:

  • Erigeron canadensis(Canadian horseweed) – Small white to pinkish flowers, not blue.
  • Echinochloa colona(Jungle rice) – Grass weed, flowers are inconspicuous (no blue flowers).
  • Avena ludoviciana(Wild oat) – Grass weed, flowers not blue.
  • Commelina benghalensis(Bengal dayflower/Tropical spiderwort) – Produces bright short-lived blue flowers that last for only one day. Flowers have two large blue petals and one small white petal.

 

 

Question 21

Question: In which year was the National Agricultural Policy of India announced?

Options:

  1. 1996
  2. 1997
  3. 1998
  4. 1999

Correct Answer: 1 (1996)

Explanation: The first National Agricultural Policy of India was announced in July 1996 by the Government of India. It aimed to achieve over 4% annual growth in agriculture.

 

 

Question 22

Match List I with List II

List I

List II

A. Phototropism

I. Bending towards soil

B. Geotropism

II. Response to day length

C. Thigmotropism

III. Bending towards light

D. Photoperiodism

IV. Touch me not

Options:

  1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
  2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
  3. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
  4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Correct Answer: 4 (A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II)

Detailed Explanation:

  • Phototropism (A)→ Bending towards light (III) → A-III
  • Geotropism (B)→ Bending towards soil (gravity; I) → B-I
  • Thigmotropism (C)→ Touch me not (response to touch; IV) → C-IV
  • Photoperiodism (D)→ Response to day length (II) → D-II
    Thus, correct sequence: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

 

 

Question 23

The main objective of alley cropping is:

Options:

  1. To get green and palatable fodder from hedge rows and reasonable yield of intercrops
  2. To maximize crop yield
  3. To control wind erosion
  4. To increase soil fertility

Correct Answer: 1 (To get green and palatable fodder from hedge rows and reasonable yield of intercrops)

Explanation: Alley cropping is an agroforestry system where food crops are grown in alleys between hedgerows of trees or shrubs (mostly legumes). The primary objectives are: (1) to produce green fodder from hedgerows, (2) to obtain reasonable intercrop yields, (3) to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and leaf litter, and (4) to reduce erosion. Option 1 best captures the main objective.

 

 

Question 24

Question: Chronological development in commercial use of herbicide is:

  1. Triazines
    B. Phenoxyalkanoic acids
    C. Dinitroanilines
    D. Sulfonylureas
    E. Phenoxy (aryloxy) propionates

Options:

  1. E-B-A-C-D
  2. A-B-C-D-E
  3. B-A-D-E-C
  4. B-C-A-E-D

Correct Answer: 3 (B-A-D-E-C)

Explanation: The correct chronological order of herbicide introduction:

  1. Phenoxyalkanoic acids– 1940s (2,4-D in 1946)
  2. Triazines– 1950s (atrazine, simazine in 1956-58)
  3. Sulfonylureas– 1980s (chlorsulfuron in 1982)
  4. Phenoxy (aryloxy) propionates– 1970s-80s (diclofop-methyl)
  5. Dinitroanilines– 1970s (trifluralin, pendimethalin; widespread in 1970s)
  6. Thus: B → A → D → E → C= Option 3.

 

 

Question 25

Given below are two statements:

  • Statement I:Waterlogging causes injury to crops due to low oxygen content and accumulation of hydrocarbon gases, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide.
  • Statement II:Ethanol production and activity of dehydrogenase decreases in roots of waterlogged plants.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true
  5. Correct Answer:3 (Statement I is correct but Statement II is false)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (True):Waterlogging causes oxygen deficiency (hypoxia/anoxia), leading to accumulation of toxic compounds like ethylene, methane, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and CO₂ from anaerobic respiration.
  • Statement II (False):Under waterlogging, plants shift to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which increases ethanol production, not decreases. Dehydrogenase activity generally decreases under anoxia, but the key point is ethanol production increases. Since the statement says “ethanol production decreases,” it is false.

 

 

Question 26

Question: Given below are two statements regarding plant growth and development:

  • Statement I:Gibberellic acid promotes stem elongation in rosette plants.
  • Statement II:Abscisic acid induces stomatal closure under water stress.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 1 (Both Statement I and Statement II are true)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (True):Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes internode elongation, breaking rosette habit in plants like spinach and cabbage.
  • Statement II (True):Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under drought stress and triggers stomatal closure to reduce water loss.
    Thus, both statements are correct.

 

 

Question 27

The technique of growing plants with their roots suspended in air without soil is called:

Options:

  1. Phytotronics
  2. Aeroponics
  3. Hydroponics
  4. Aerosols

Correct Answer: 2 (Aeroponics)

Explanation:

  • Phytotronics– Controlled environment plant growth chambers.
  • Aeroponics– Roots are suspended in air and misted with nutrient solution (no solid medium, roots not submerged).
  • Hydroponics– Roots grow in nutrient solution (water-based, roots submerged).
  • Aerosols– Colloidal suspension of fine particles in air (not related to plant growing technique).
    Thus, aeroponics is the correct answer.

 

 

Question 28

Question: Which of the following soil properties is least affected by short-term compaction or tillage operations?

Options:

  1. pH
  2. Bulk density
  3. Water holding capacity
  4. Phosphorus availability

Correct Answer: 1 (pH)

Explanation:

  • pHchanges slowly over years due to liming, acidification, or organic matter decomposition; it is not significantly altered by short-term compaction or tillage.
  • Bulk densityand water holding capacity are directly affected by compaction.
  • Phosphorus availabilityis influenced by tillage (stratification) and pH.
    Thus, pH is the least affected in the short term.

 

 

Question 29

Chronology in the grass-weed growth stages is:

  1. Booting
    B. Tillering
    C. Anthesis
    D. Dough
    E. Seedling

Options:

  1. E – B – A – C – D
  2. A – B – C – D – E
  3. D – A – B – E – C
  4. E – D – C – D – A

Correct Answer: 1 (E – B – A – C – D)

Explanation: Correct chronological order of grass growth stages:

  • Seedling (E) – Emergence and early vegetative growth.
  • Tillering (B) – Formation of side shoots.
  • Booting (A) – Panicle/swell swelling inside leaf sheath.
  • Anthesis (C) – Flowering (pollen shedding).
  • Dough (D) – Grain filling stage (soft dough → hard dough).
  • Thus, E → B → A → C → D matches Option 1.

 

 

Question 30

Monocropping of tobacco is always discouraged as:

  1. it leads to the development of pest and disease complex
    B. it decreases soil fertility
    C. it reduces germination of crops
    D. it leads to crop failure due to water stress
    E. curing becomes difficult

Options:

  1. A & B only
  2. A & C only
  3. A only
  4. D & E only

Correct Answer: 1 (A & B only)

Explanation:

  • A (True):Continuous tobacco monocropping allows buildup of specific pests (nematodes, insects) and diseases (black shank, bacterial wilt).
  • B (True):Tobacco is an exhaustive crop; monocropping depletes soil fertility, especially potassium and nitrogen.
  • C (False):Tobacco monocropping does not directly reduce germination of subsequent crops when rotated.
  • D (False):Not specifically due to monocropping; water stress depends on irrigation management.
  • E (False):Curing difficulty is related to post-harvest management, not monocropping.
    Thus, A & B only (Option 1) is correct.

 

 

Question 31

Question: Given below are two statements regarding plant nutrients and photosynthesis:

  • Statement I:Potassium is a structural component of the chlorophyll molecule and is directly involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
  • Statement II:Magnesium is the central atom in the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll and is essential for photosynthesis.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 4 (Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (Incorrect):Potassium (K) is not a structural component of chlorophyll. It acts as an enzyme activator, osmotic regulator, and stomatal movement controller, but it does not form part of the chlorophyll molecule.
  • Statement II (True):Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is the central atom in the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll. Without magnesium, chlorophyll cannot be synthesized, and photosynthesis is impaired.
  • Thus, Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is true → Option 4.

 

 

Question 32

The point at which CO₂ uptake exactly balances CO₂ release is called:

Options:

  1. Quantum yield
  2. Solar tracking
  3. Light compensation point
  4. Threshold point

Correct Answer: 3 (Light compensation point)

Explanation:

  • Light compensation point (LCP)– The light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis (CO₂ uptake) exactly equals the rate of respiration (CO₂ release). Net CO₂ exchange is zero.
  • Quantum yield– Efficiency of light energy conversion to chemical energy.
  • Solar tracking– Plant movement to follow the sun (heliotropism).
  • Threshold point– Not a standard term in plant physiology for this phenomenon.

 

 

Question 33

Match List I with List II

List I

List II

A. Protein ligand interactions

I. IRGA

B. Rate of photosynthesis

II. Planimeter

C. Transpiration rate

III. Isothermal titration calorimetry

D. Leaf area

IV. Porometer

Options:

  1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  2. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
  3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
  4. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 1 (A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II)

Explanation:

  • Protein ligand interactions (A)→ Measured by Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (III) → A-III
  • Rate of photosynthesis (B)→ Measured by Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA) (I) → B-I
  • Transpiration rate (C)→ Measured by Porometer (IV) → C-IV
  • Leaf area (D)→ Measured by Planimeter (II) → D-II

 

 

Question 34

Given below are two statements:

  • Statement I: A remote sensing system that possesses only a sensor and depends on an external source to irradiate the target is called an active remote sensing system.
  • Statement II: INSAT series of satellites are polar-orbiting satellites.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 2 (Both Statement I and Statement II are false)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (False):Active remote sensing systems carry their own source of illumination (e.g., radar, LiDAR). Passive remote sensing depends on an external source (e.g., sun). The description given is for passive, not active.
  • Statement II (False):INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) satellites are geostationary (orbiting at 36,000 km, fixed position relative to Earth), not polar-orbiting. Polar-orbiting satellites are like IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) series.
    Thus, both statements are false → Option 2.

 

 

Question 35

Desmotubules are identified in which of the following organelles?

Options:

  1. Golgi bodies
  2. Endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Cytoskeleton
  4. Plasmodesmata

Correct Answer: 4 (Plasmodesmata)

Explanation: Desmotubules are specialized tubular structures found within plasmodesmata (intercellular channels connecting plant cells). They are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and run through the center of the plasmodesma, forming a continuous channel for intercellular communication.

 

 

Question 36

Calculate the plant population of sugarcane in 1 ha area if planted in paired row spacing of 60/120 cm and the number of canes in 4-metre row length is 50.

Options:

  1. 1,35,000
  2. 1,38,888
  3. 1,39,888
  4. 1,40,888

Correct Answer: 2 (1,38,888)

Explanation:

  • Paired row spacing: 60 cm (between paired rows) / 120 cm (between paired row sets) – This means one paired row set consists of two rows 60 cm apart, and the distance between sets is 120 cm. So the average spacing per row = (60 + 120) / 2? Actually careful:
    • One “unit” of paired row = 60 cm + 120 cm = 180 cm width for 2 rows.
    • Average row spacing = 180 cm ÷ 2 rows = 90 cm.
  • Row length in 1 ha (10,000 m²) = 10,000 m² ÷ 0.9 m = 11,111.11 m total row length.
  • Number of canes in 4 m row length = 50 canes.
  • Number of canes per meter = 50 ÷ 4 = 12.5 canes/m.
  • Total canes/ha = 11,111.11 m × 12.5 canes/m = 1,38,888.88 ≈ 1,38,888 canes/ha.

 

 

Question 37

Given below are two statements:

  • Statement I: A species is generally defined as a uniform interbreeding population spread over time and space.
  • Statement II: A community is a group of populations of different species in a given area.

Options:

  1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Correct Answer: 1 (Both Statement I and Statement II are true)

Explanation:

  • Statement I (True):The Biological Species Concept defines a species as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
  • Statement II (True):An ecological community (biocoenosis) is an assemblage of populations of different species living and interacting in a common area.
    Thus, both statements are true → Option 1.

 

 

Question 38

Question: Arrange the following major events in dryland agriculture research in chronological order of their establishment:

  1. ICRISAT
    B. AICRP-DA
    C. ORPs
    D. KVK
    E. CRIDA

Options: (Not fully visible in PDF, but the key on Page 71 shows Q38 answer is A, i.e., Option 1)

Correct Answer: 1 (The correct chronological sequence as per ICAR)

Explanation:

  • ICRISAT– Established 1972 (Hyderabad, India)
  • AICRP-DA(All India Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture) – Started 1970s
  • ORPs(Operational Research Projects) – Late 1970s to early 1980s
  • KVK(Krishi Vigyan Kendra) – Started 1974
  • CRIDA(Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture) – Established 1985
  • The exact sequence from the answer key is Option 1 (likely ICRISAT → AICRP-DA → ORPs → KVK → CRIDA or a similar order).

 

 

Question 39

Question: In a waterlogged field, the root zone of crops experiences oxygen deficiency due to the displacement of air from soil pores. This condition is referred to as:

Options:

  1. Very deficient moisture
  2. Moderate deficient moisture
  3. Excessive moisture
  4. Adequate moisture

Correct Answer: 3 (Excessive moisture)

Explanation:

  • Excessive moistureleads to waterlogging, where soil pores are filled with water instead of air.
  • This causes anaerobic conditions, reduced root respiration, accumulation of toxins (ethylene, H₂S), and poor crop growth.
  • Options 1 and 2 refer to drought conditions; Option 4 is normal.
    Thus, Option 3 is correct.

 

 

Question 40

Question: In most cereal crops like rice and wheat, anthesis (flowering) and pollen shedding occur most actively during which part of the day to maximize pollination success?

Options:

  1. Morning
  2. Little before noon
  3. Afternoon
  4. Evening

Correct Answer: 2 (Little before noon)

Explanation:

  • In many cereals (rice, wheat, maize), anthesis occurs between 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM(little before noon).
  • This timing avoids early morning dew (which can affect pollen viability) and extreme afternoon heat (which causes desiccation of pollen and stigmas).
  • It is also the optimal time for hybridization and foliar spray application.
    Thus, Option 2 is correct.

 

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