Types of Publications; Publications are important tools in agricultural extension used to transfer knowledge, improve awareness, and influence attitudes and behaviors of farmers and stakeholders. They are broadly classified based on their size, content, and purpose.

Leaflet

• Definition: A single sheet printed on one or both sides, usually not folded.
• Size: Usually small (around 5″ × 8″).
• Purpose: Focuses on one specific topic, simple and direct message.
• Use: Quick reference on a single practice, such as seed treatment, fertilizer application, etc.
• Language: Local or regional, easy to understand.

 Folder

• Definition: A single sheet of paper folded two or more times to make multiple panels.
• Size: Larger than leaflets.
• Purpose: Provides a little more detail than a leaflet, often includes illustrations.
• Use: Ideal for describing step-by-step practices, like compost making, pest control.

Pamphlet / Booklet

• Definition: A small book-like publication of 5–15 pages, saddle-stitched or stapled.
• Purpose: Covers a topic in more depth.
• Use: Explains a practice or technology with background, process, and benefits.
• Difference:
  • Pamphlet: Usually fewer pages (5–10).
  • Booklet: May have more pages (up to 15–20), may include photographs and diagrams.

Bulletin

• Definition: A medium-sized document (15–50 pages) that deals with a specific subject in detail.
• Use: Often used for seasonal recommendations, research updates, pest calendars.
• Audience: Extension workers, progressive farmers.

Newsletter

• Definition: A periodical publication, usually 2–4 pages, issued regularly (weekly/monthly).
• Purpose: Provides updates and news about ongoing extension activities, weather, market prices, etc.
• Use: Good for farmer groups, cooperatives, or KVKs to maintain regular communication.

Popular Article

• Definition: Article written in non-technical language for general public or farmers.
• Published In: Farm magazines like Kheti, Kurukshetra, Krishak Jagat, etc.
• Features: Use of pictures, short sentences, local language, real-life examples.

Scientific Article

• Definition: Technical and research-based articles written in scientific format.
• Published In: Peer-reviewed journals like Indian Journal of Extension Education, Indian Farming.
• Structure: Abstract – Introduction – Methodology – Results – Discussion – Conclusion – References.
• Audience: Scientists, academicians, researchers.

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